Index

• acoustic analysis 303, 339–342, 345, 356

• acoustics 304, 363

• adposition233

• Afroasiatic 229–230, 232–233, 235–237, 240–241

• airstream 303–304, 307, 311, 314–315, 317, 319–325, 328, 330–334, 336–338

• Amharic 2–5, 8–9, 15, 17, 19–27, 30, 51, 65–88, 92, 94–96, 102–105, 108, 121, 138, 162, 173–176, 180, 184, 194, 213, 226, 229, 235, 237–240, 252, 258, 269, 276, 288, 303–304, 308–309, 311–312, 314–317, 319–330, 333, 335–338, 378, 399–401, 405, 407

• amplitude 305, 307–308, 336

• anə-bet speakers 67, 69

• applicative 202, 206–207

• Arabic 82, 122, 226, 229–232, 234–235, 237–241, 311, 336–337, 346, 371–372

• argument 200–201, 231, 276–277, 279, 283

• aspect 173, 176, 179–182, 185, 187–202, 204–205, 208–210, 248–249, 284, 367–372, 374–376, 382–384

• aspectual 176–179, 181, 193–194, 197, 204, 208–210, 367–372, 376–377, 379, 381–382

• asymmetrical 197, 200, 204–206, 210

• aӡəmənə156

• base 178, 191, 245–247, 250–251, 255–257, 260–261, 264, 270–271, 280, 284, 286, 371–372, 384

• belongingness 91, 94–97, 100, 106, 108, 110, 112–114

• benefactive 206–208

• Berber 229–232

• bilingualism 23, 71

• bi-consonantal 272, 274–275, 285, 287

• bɨhjə 151–153

• blending 15, 18, 20, 27–28, 31

• broadening 28–29

• case 207, 215, 229–241, 247, 249–250, 252–255, 257–259, 262–264

• causative 55, 180, 184–185, 201, 246, 265, 269–270, 276–283, 290–294, 296–297, 299–300

• Central Western Gurage 67, 93–94

• clipping 27, 30

• compounding 15, 18, 20, 24–27, 31, 33, 250, 258

• concatenation 246, 348

• consonant 177, 179–180, 184, 198, 216–217, 221–222, 233, 250, 255–256, 260, 265, 269, 271–275, 277, 279, 281–282, 286–287, 293, 299, 304, 348–349, 358, 372

• contiguous 197, 201, 203, 210

• converb 199, 209, 262

• convergence 71, 229–230, 234, 241

• coordination 197, 200, 202, 210

• court 65, 73, 75, 84, 88, 139, 143–144, 147–153, 160–161, 163, 165

• Cushitic 1–2, 36, 39–40, 52, 65–66, 194, 198, 229–230, 232, 235–238, 246, 253, 345–346, 348

• Damamwit 120–121, 127–129, 132

• deictic 197, 203–206, 210

• derivation 54, 178, 180, 184–186, 223, 269–270, 276–278, 281–283, 285–287, 289, 293, 299, 369, 382–383, 393, 403–404

• derivational 246, 269–270, 277, 279, 283, 286, 289, 291, 293, 367–370, 376, 382–384, 405, 410

• determiner 247, 253–255, 259

• discourse 137, 139–141, 144, 161–166

• dissimilation 245, 257, 261

• distal 253–254

• duration 219–220, 303–305, 308–314, 336, 338–341, 345–347, 349–359, 367, 372, 376–377, 379, 381, 385

• Eastern Gurage67

• ədi-bet speakers67

• ejective 303–304, 307–308, 311, 320, 334–338

• endocentric26

• Ethiopian Sign Language 1–2, 4, 367–368, 385, 389–391

• Ethio-Semitic 2, 66, 92, 232, 235, 237, 239, 269, 271–272, 274, 283, 290, 303

• EthSL 367–368, 370, 372–376, 382, 384–385, 389–392, 396–401, 403–411

• Ethiopian Sign Language dictionary 390–39

• Ethnic identity 1, 5–6, 11, 91, 93, 95–116

• exocentric 26, 250–251

• extension 15, 20, 28–29, 31, 35, 37, 39, 54–55, 389–390, 393–394, 405, 410–410

• Ezha 35, 38, 40, 42, 58, 65–70, 73–88, 93, 111, 138, 150, 273

• Fedwet 119–125, 127–134

• figure 173–175, 179, 181, 183–188, 191, 193–194

• focus 47, 238–240, 247, 252, 254, 257–258, 261–264

• formal language use84

• frequentative 270, 285–289, 293, 298–299

• fricative 22, 24, 253, 277, 303–306, 308–312, 314, 317, 320, 322–323, 329, 332, 334–338, 349, 360

• Gamo 2–4, 7, 15–33, 235

• Gəʿəz(Ge‘ez) 2, 26, 81, 82, 229, 232–233, 235–237, 239

• gender 27–28, 38, 47, 54, 58, 96, 119, 129, 133, 137, 139–147, 150–151, 156, 158, 160–166, 173, 177, 183, 193–194, 248–249, 253, 255, 260, 304, 306–307, 311–313, 315–316, 318–319, 321–332, 336–338, 345–347, 349, 351–352, 354, 356, 358–359, 361

• gerundive 176–177, 179, 183, 188

• grammaticalisation 200, 203, 234

• Gurage 2–4, 35–40, 46–48, 51, 58–60, 65–76, 78–89, 91–97, 99–103, 105–116, 119–121, 123, 126–128, 132, 137–145, 147–151, 158, 163, 165–166, 235, 269, 271–272, 274, 290

• Gurage groups 91–93, 96, 100, 109, 112

• habitual 192–194, 209, 375–376, 383–384

• Hebrew 229, 231, 234–235, 239

• heritage language 71, 82, 87

• hiba 40, 42, 48

• homonymy 390, 392

• iconic 246, 254, 261, 264, 367, 369, 396, 408

• iconically motivated polysemy

• ɨddɨr83

• identity 1, 5–6, 71, 87, 91–116, 122, 133, 141, 144, 161–162

• ideophone 175, 178–179, 181, 188–189, 191, 248

• ɨjja-bet speakers 67, 69

• ɨk’k’ub83

• inflectional 246–247, 265, 367–370, 376, 382–385

• Informal language use75

• initialism 15, 20, 30–31

• Inor 35, 38, 40, 47–48, 58, 93–94, 96, 101–102, 104–111, 113–115, 138, 269–275, 277, 279, 283, 290, 293

• interlocutor 247, 252, 394, 395

• iterative 173, 180–181, 187, 189–192, 194, 247, 263, 265, 375–376, 378–380, 382, 384

• iterative 173, 180–181, 187, 189–192, 194, 247, 263, 265, 375–376, 378–380, 382, 384

• jədʒoka 82–83

• kurtosis 304, 306–307, 309, 326–328, 337, 343

• language ability 73–74

• language and identity 95, 110–111, 122

• language contact 23, 65–67, 71–72, 75, 87, 125, 410

• language endangerment 65, 71

• language shift 65, 71, 86

• language use 35–37, 60, 65–68, 72–73, 75–85, 87, 91, 95–99, 101–102, 139

• lexical borrowing 20, 33

• language variety 40, 107, 122

• loan-blend

• social status 20, 25, 127

• major language 2–3, 96, 213

• manner adverb 178–184, 186–189, 192–194, 263, 281, 292, 300, 375–377, 379

• Mao 197–198, 204, 211–212

• market 70, 72–73, 75, 79–81, 86–87, 137, 143, 145–147, 165

• matuma 27–28

• medio-passive 184, 270, 283–285, 289, 293, 298

• medosa27

• metaphore

• metaphorically motivated polysemy

• middle(voice) 180, 184, 186–187, 189, 191

• minor verb 197, 200, 202, 204–210

• minority 69, 75, 86, 92, 94, 103

• monocausal

• monoverbal 200, 203

• motivation 22, 31, 120, 287, 395, 404, 410

• movement (manner of) 173–175, 178–194

• Muher 8, 65–88, 93, 138, 194

• multilingulism

• multiple related meaning

• name (of enset) 35, 39–40, 45–51, 54

• nən oxʲə

• nominal 177 181, 184, 214, 237, 241, 246–247, 248, 250–251, 254, 258–259, 262–264

• nonconcatenative morphology 367, 371–372, 384

• non-contiguous serial verb201

• Northern Gurage 67, 92–94

• Nuer 6, 9, 213–216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 346

• Omotic 1–2, 15–17, 22, 36, 39, 66, 197–198, 229–230, 232, 235–237, 241, 244, 346

• Oromo (or Afaan Oromoo) 2–7, 15, 40, 74, 81, 105, 110, 198, 213, 235–236, 245–253, 255, 258, 263–265, 305, 336–337, 345, 348–352, 356–360

• oxʲə 68–69

• paraphrasing 15, 18, 20, 30–31

• participation of women 143, 148–150, 160–161, 165

• passive 184, 199, 239, 269–270, 277–278, 280, 283–285, 289–294, 298–300, 380

• path (of movement) 173–175, 178–179, 181, 183–184, 187–190, 192–194

• Peripheral Western Gurage 67, 93–94, 269

• pitch-accent 248, 252, 347, 350

• place 303–307, 309, 311–315, 318, 321–326, 328–330, 332, 336–338, 341

• plural 213–226, 230–231, 241, 249, 253–258, 288–289

• polysemous signs 389, 391, 393–399, 404, 406–410

• progressive 176–177, 179, 181–182, 187–195, 209–210

• prosodic 245–246, 255–257, 261, 264

• prosodic template 245, 264, 371

• prosodic theory 367, 371, 384, 386

• proximal 253–254

• pulmonic 303–304, 308, 312, 320

• quadri-consonantal 247, 288

• re-analysis 229, 239–240

• reciprocal 207, 270, 280, 282, 287–289, 292

• reduplicant 245–247, 255–257, 260–262, 264

• reduplication 121, 180, 191, 194, 245–248, 250–251, 253–258, 260–261, 263–265, 269, 285–286, 369, 371, 377, 379–380, 382–383, 394

• reflexive 179–180, 184–185, 188, 208, 270, 283–285, 289–293, 298–300

• representation of women 137, 139, 151–152, 156, 158–163, 165–166

• root 177, 179–180, 184, 186, 188, 190–191, 194, 245, 247–248, 252, 255–257, 260–261, 263–264, 269–276, 279, 281–293, 296–299

• root-morpheme 269, 271, 279, 283

• Sebat bet 73, 82–83, 93, 99, 110–111

• secret language 119–125, 127, 133–134

• semantic extension 10, 15, 20, 28–29, 31, 33, 39, 55, 389

• semantic relations 24, 392, 410

• Semitic 2, 36, 39, 65–66, 92–93, 119, 173–174, 229–232, 234–241, 252, 266, 269–272, 274, 283, 290, 303, 349

• Semitic languages 2, 66, 232, 240, 269–271, 274, 349

• serial verb 197–210

• Sezo 197–199, 202–210

• signs (in sign language) 368, 372, 374–379, 383–386, 389–401, 403–411

• sɨmwa 40–42

• singular 213–226, 231, 249, 253–254

• singulative 213–218, 220–226

• skewness 304, 306, 309, 324–325, 337, 343

• sociolinguistic functions 119–120, 122, 124, 128, 133

• source 173–175, 179, 194

• space (of movement) 174–175, 192

• spectral centre of gravity 306, 309, 320, 322, 343, 344

• spectral peak location 303–304, 306, 309, 314–315, 317, 336, 338, 342

• spectral standard deviation 304, 306, 309, 323, 343

• speech accommodation theory 65, 71

• subordination 197, 200, 202, 210

• sunk’o27

• suppletion 213, 215–217, 224

• suprafixation245

• symmetrical 200, 204, 395

• tense 176, 193–194, 197, 199–205, 249, 367, 377–378, 406

• termination 176, 180, 187

• terms 15–21, 23–29, 31–32

• thematic roles 229, 239

• timeline173

• tone 213, 215–224, 226, 236, 248–252, 254, 258, 347, 350

• tone change 213, 215–218

• transitive 198, 232, 253, 272, 276–279, 283–285, 289, 292, 296

• tri-consonantal 272, 274, 285, 288

• valence 204, 206, 277

• valency 197, 201, 203–207, 210

• verb 180–183, 185–194, 214, 232, 238–240, 248–252, 254, 260–263, 269–279, 281–285, 287–288, 290–293, 296–300, 367, 369–371, 375–378, 383, 389, 392, 394, 401–403, 409–410

• wesse40

• wɨkjər 137, 143, 163

• wusa 59, 146–147, 156, 300

• zero-crossing rate 303, 307