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Part of
Metroethnicity, Naming and Mocknolect: New horizons in Japanese sociolinguistics
John C. Maher
[IMPACT: Studies in Language, Culture and Society 49] 2021
► pp. 165–182

Chapter 12
Language difficulty and difficult languages

Article outline
  • The easy and the difficult
  • Five meanings of difficulty
  • Difficulty as cultural capital
  • Art, music and difficulty
  • Languages near, languages remote
  • The remote and the difficult
  • Language and distance
  • A survey of Japanese attitudes towards language difficulty
  • FDLs: ‘Fiercely Difficulty Languages’: The view from schools
  • Absolute difficulty
    • a.Reading
    • b.Sound and spelling
    • c.Pragmatics
    • d.Pronunciation
  • Conclusion
  • A note on simplified language: A solution for the difficult?
  • Note 1