Analyzing Modern Chinese Pidgin Russian
Variability and the feature pool theory
The article is devoted to the analysis of specific
varieties of Russian used by older Udihe and Nanai in the Primorsky and Khabarovsky territories. These codes are characterized by a high level of
variability. It is shown that these are contemporary varieties of Chinese
Pidgin Russian (ChPR), which was a means of communication between Russians
and the local indigenous population before the 1960s. Invariable forms similar
to pidgin are in free variation with inflected Russian forms. I argue that a
stabilized pidgin or a creole may show no supervariability, with Tok-Pisin
being an example. Stabilized Pidgins and Creoles are no more variable than
languages with an ordinary history of formation. Thus, Chinese Pidgin
Russian shows significant stability: different sources display similar or
very close variants (for details, see Perekhvalskaya, 2008, 2013). This paper is a case study analysis of variability in
modern forms of Chinese Pidgin Russian spoken in the Ussuri region of
Russia: it presents linguistic processes occurring lately in the Chinese
Pidgin Russian. In the course of its history, this variety underwent a stage
of a relative stability followed by a more variable post-pidgin stage. The
latter will be thoroughly analyzed in this paper. The Ussuri region is the
territory annexed by Russia under the Aygun peace treaty in 1858–1860. It is
bounded by the Amur river in the North, by the Ussuri and Vaku (after 1972
Malinovka) rivers in the West, and by the Sea of Japan in the East.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Russian-based pidgins in the Russian Far East
- 1.2Data
- 2.Russians and Chinese in the Ussuri region: Two directions of language shift
- 2.1Russians: Waves of migration
- 2.2Chinese Pidgin Russian
- 2.3Post-pidgin situation in the Ussuri region
- 3.Analysis of linguistic data
- 3.1No inflectional morphology
- 3.2Plurality
- 3.3Generalized forms for personal and possessive pronouns
- 3.4Formal differentiation of word classes
- 3.5Preferred word order is SOV
- 3.6Absence of complex sentences, coordinative, and subordinative
conjunctions
- 3.7Absence of prepositions
- 3.8Limited lexicon: Words have very broad semantics
- 3.9The expression of the TAMP with postpositional markers
- 3.10The use of the particle la / le
- 3.11Pidgin feature not characteristic for post-Pidgin varieties
- 4.Pidgin and interlanguage
- 4.1Bargaining and finding a common code strategy
- 4.2The strategy of “trying synonyms”
- 4.3Echoing
- 5.Conclusion
-
Notes
-
Abbreviations
-
Chinese Pidgin Russian speakers
-
Literary sources of Chinese Pidgin Russian examples
-
References
References
Chinese Pidgin Russian speakers
AK – Anatolij Kamandiga, “Tarzan”
ca. 1932:
Agzu (Samarga Udihe)
AnP – Antonina Pionka
1918;
Krasny Jar (Bikin Udihe)
AP – Alexandr Pionka “Mayor”
1921:
Krasny Jar (Bikin Udihe)
DzK – Dzakpani Kanchuga
ca. 1915:
Krasny Jar (Bikin Udihe)
LYCh – Liu Yuan Chin,“uncle Van’a”
ca. 1920:
Kukan, Jewish Autonomous Area (Chinese)
NM – Nadežda Martynova
ca. 1910:
Krasny Jar (Bikin Udihe)
TK – Tatiana Kaza
1930:
Agzu (Samarga Udihe).
VU – Valentina Utaisin, “baba Val’a”
1910:
Mikhailovka (Tazovka).
VT – Viktor Tarasenko
1954 :
Kukan, Jewish Autonomous Area (Ukranian)
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