This study examines various combinations of visual and textual meaning-making resources in a popular Chinese meme.
The meme features an exogenous image – the grinning facial expression of a U.S. wrestler, D’Angelo Dinero – that has been
recontextualized into numerous other visual texts, to create semiotic ensembles with local meanings, which are then distributed
across Chinese social media platforms. We analyzed 60 of these image macros, and our findings show that local meanings are created
when Dinero’s facial expression is blended with visual references to Chinese digital culture, Chinese popular culture, Chinese
social class issues, Chinese politics, and Chinese institutions. The majority of textual elements in the image macros are Chinese;
however, the handful of examples that also include other languages typically involve multilingual wordplay and carnivalesque
themes. We argue that although the multivalency of the wrestlers’ facial expression invites interpretations of a wide range of
affective meanings, an overarching rebellious or transgressive stance is consistent across individual texts.
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This list is based on CrossRef data as of 8 january 2025. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.