Article published In:
Psychological Benchmarks of Human–Robot InteractionEdited by Peter H. Kahn, Jr. and Karl F. MacDorman
[Interaction Studies 8:3] 2007
► pp. 391–410
Edited by Peter H. Kahn, Jr. and Karl F. MacDorman
[Interaction Studies 8:3] 2007
► pp. 391–410
Intersubjectivity in human–agent interaction
What is the hallmark of success in human–agent interaction? In animation and robotics, many have concentrated on the looks of the agent — whether the appearance is realistic or lifelike. We present an alternative benchmark that lies in the dyad and not the agent alone: Does the agent’s behavior evoke intersubjectivity from the user? That is, in both conscious and unconscious communication, do users react to behaviorally realistic agents in the same way they react to other humans? Do users appear to attribute similar thoughts and actions? We discuss why we distinguish between appearance and behavior, why we use the benchmark of intersubjectivity, our methodology for applying this benchmark to embodied conversational agents (ECAs), and why we believe this benchmark should be applied to human–robot interaction.
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