Factors in the Acquisition of the Present Subjunctive in Spanish

The Role of Reading and Study

Jeffery Stokes

Stephen Krashen

John Kartchner

University level students of Spanish were tested on their (acquired) competence in the subjunctive. Free reading in Spanish was a significant predictor of subjunctive competence, but length of residence in a Spanish-speaking country, formal study, and specific study of the subjunctive were not significant predictors. These results are consistent with previous research on free reading in English as a first and second language.

Published online: 01 January 1998
https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.121-122.02sto

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Krashen, Stephen

2002. Developing academic language: early L1 reading and later L2 reading. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2002:155-156

Krashen, Stephen

2008. Language Education. RELC Journal 39:2 ► pp. 178 ff.

Krashen, Stephen D.

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Lao, Christy Ying & S Krashen

2000. The impact of popular literature study on literacy development in EFL: more evidence for the power of reading. System 28:2 ► pp. 261 ff.

Matsuda, Paul Kei & Melika Nouri

2019. In The Handbook of Informal Language Learning, ► pp. 75 ff.

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