From Hero to Superhero
The Update of an Archetype
This paper offers an analysis of the interpretative keys of the
character of the superhero in comic books, in comparison with those of the
hero of Classical Antiquity. It is not only that both characters come to
play similar functions in their respective fictional universes, but there is
also a genetic link between the latter and the former. And this relationship
is two-way, since this dependency determines the contemporary rewritings of
the ancient hero in comic books. Taking El héroe
(The Hero), by the Spanish scriptwriter David Rubín, as
a case study, this paper tries to exemplify that relationship, according to
which an ancient hero such as Hercules immediately evokes the typical
features of the superhero of comic book.
Article outline
- Classical tradition and comics?
- Comics on (Greco-roman) classics
- The superhero genre
- To conclude: A round trip
-
Notes
-
References
References
Balló, Jordi, and Xavier Pérez
2009 “El portador de la conciencia,” epilogue to
Esquilo, Prometeo encadenado, edición bilingüe a cargo de
Ramón Irigoyen, 133–158. Barcelona: Debolsillo.
Burdge, Anthony, Jessica Burke, and Kristine M. Larsen
(eds) 2012 The Mythological Dimensions of Neil Gaiman. Crawfordville, FL: Kitsune Books.
Chute, Hillary
2008 “
Comics as Literature? Reading Graphic Narrative.”
The Modern Language Association of America 123 (2): 452–465.
Clinton Simms, R.
2011 “
The Burden of War. From Homer to Oeming.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 115–128. New York: Oxford University Press.
Coogan, Peter
2007 “
The Definition of the Superhero.” In
Super/Heroes. From Hercules to Superman, ed. by
Wendy Haslem,
Angela Ndalianis, and
Chris Mackie, 21–36. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishing.
Danna, Elizabeth
2005 “
Wonder Woman Mythology: Heroes from the Ancient World and Their
Progeny.” In
The Gospel According to Superheroes. Religion and Popular
Culture, ed. by
Brisio J. Oropeza, 67–82. New York-Washington, D.C.-Baltimore-Bern-Frankfurt am Main-Berlin-Brussels-Vienna-Oxford: Peter Lang.
Dethloff, Craig
2011 “
Coming Up to Code. Ancient Divinities Revisited.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 103–114. New York: Oxford University Press.
Eco, Umberto
1964 Apocalittici e integrati. Milano: Bompiani.
Egolf, Jamie
2007 “
Dreaming Superman: Exploring the Action of the Superhero(ine) in
Dreams, Myth, and Culture.” In
Super/Heroes. From Hercules to Superman, ed. by
Wendy Haslem,
Angela Ndalianis, and
Chris Mackie, 139–151. Washington: New Academia Publishing.
Espino Martín, Javier
2002 “
La reinterpretación del mito clásico en el
comic book USA. Un análisis del mito en el
Sandman de Neil Gaiman y el Epicurus el
sabio de Messner-Loebs.” In
El mito, los mitos, ed. by
Carlos Alvar, 45–54. Madrid: SELGYC – Ediciones Caballo griego para la poesía.
Gellar-Goad, T. H. M., and John Bedingham
2014 “
Hercules the Brute, Hercules the Tactician in Steve Moore’s
The Thracian Wars and the Knives of
Kush Comics.”
Electra 3: 17–26.
[URL] [03/03/2015].
González Delgado, Ramiro
2010 “
Orfeo y Eurídice en el cómic.”
CFC (ELat) 30 (1): 193–216.
Grafton, Anthony, Glenn W. Most, and Salvatore Settis
(eds) 2010 The Classical Tradition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hardwick, Lorna, and Christopher Stray
(eds) 2008 A Companion to Classical Receptions. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Hardwick, Lorna
2003 Reception Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Housel, Rebecca
2005 “
Myth, Morality, and the Women of the X-Men.” In
Superheroes and Philosophy. Truth, Justice, and the Socratic
Way, ed. by
Tom Morris, and
Matt Morris, 75–88. Chicago: Open Court.
Jenkins, Thomas E.
2011 “
Heavy Metal Homer. Countercultural Appropriations of the
Odyssey in Graphic Novel.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 221–235. New York: Oxford University Press.
Knowles, Chris
2007 Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes. San Francisco: Weiser Books.
Kovacs, George
2011 “
Comics and Classics: Establishing a Critical
Frame.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 3–24. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kovacs, George Marshall, C. W.
2011 Classics and Comics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kovacs, George Marshall, C. W.
2016 Son of Classics and Comics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kripal, Jeffrey J.
2011 Mutants and Mystics: Science Fiction Superhero Comics, and the
Paranormal. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
LoCicero, Don
2008 Superheroes and Gods: A Comparative Study from Babylonia to
Batman. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
López Gregoris, Rosario
2009 “
Julio Verne y Virgilio pasean por el infierno.
Viaje al centro de la Tierra y otras reescrituras
clásicas.”
Cuadernos de Filología Clásica (Estudios Latinos) 29 (1): 209–226.
López Gregoris, Rosario
2013 “
Lisístrata: De Aristófanes a König.” In
Καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθὸς ἀνήρ· διδασκάλου παράδειγμα. Homenaje al
Profesor Juan Antonio López Férez, ed. by
Luis M. Pino Campos, and
Germán Santana Henríquez, 479–486. Madrid: Ediciones Clásicas.
Lowe, Dunstan, and Kim Shahabudin
(eds) 2009 Classics for All: Re-Working Antiquity in Mass Cultural Media. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press.
Lucerga Pérez, María J.
2004 “
Del uniforme del Capitán América al azul desnudo
del Dr. Manhattan: Ascenso y caída del superhéroe como principio de
construcción identitaria.”
Tonos. Revista electrónica de Estudios
Filológicos 8.
[URL] [01/05/2014].
Mackie, Chris J.
2007 “
Men of Darkness.” In
Super/Heroes. From Hercules to Superman, ed. by
Wendy Haslem,
Angela Ndalianis, and
Chris Mackie, 83–95. Washington, D. C.: New Academia Publishing.
Marshall, C. W.
2011 “
The Furies, Wonder Woman and Dream. Mythmaking in DC
Comics.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 89–101. New York: Oxford University Press.
Parham, Thom
2005 “
Superheroes in Crisis: Postmodern Deconstruction and
Reconstruction in Comic Books and Graphic Novels.” In
The Gospel According to Superheroes. Religion and Popular
Culture, ed. by
Brisio J. Oropeza, 197–214. New York-Washington, D.C.-Baltimore-Bern-Frankfurt am Main-Berlin-Brussels-Vienna-Oxford: Peter Lang.
Pérez Gómez, Leonor
2013 “
Presencia de la cultura greco-latina en la novela
Veinte mil leguas de viaje submarino de J.
Verne.”
Florentia Iliberritana 24: 177–197.
Peters, Brian M.
2003 “
Qu(e)erying Comic Book Culture and Representations of Sexuality
in Wonder Woman.”
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5 (3).
Petersen, Robert S.
2011 Comics, Manga and Graphic Novels. A History of Graphic
Narratives. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Pitcher, Luke V.
2009 “
Saying ‘Shazam’: the Magic of Antiquity in Superhero
Comics.”
New Voices in Classical Reception Studies 4: 27–43.
Rodrigues, Nuno Simoes
2003 “
A Antiguidade clássica em banda
desenhada.” In,
Som e Imagem no Ensino das Línguas Clássicas, ed. by
José Ribeiro Ferreira, and
Paula Barata Dias, 51–81. Coimbra: Instituto de Estudos Clássicos.
Rodrigues, Nuno Simoes
2004 “
O regreso de Ulisses à banda
desenhada.”
Boletim de Estudos Clássicos 42: 189–197.
Rodrigues, Nuno Simoes
2005 “
Da Odisseia à
Eneida. Novos temas classicos em banda
desenhada.”
Boletim de Estudos Clássicos 44: 153–180.
Rodrigues, Nuno Simões
2006 “
Ulisses chega a Ítaca e reencontra Penélope desta
vez … aos quadrinhos.”
Boletim de Estudos Clássicos 45: 187–195.
Rodríguez, Audy
2008 “
Les fêlures du miroir ou les dieux vecteur de mise
en abîme. Modalités, formes et enjeux de la transmission de la référence
antique. Un exemple: les dieux Grecs.” In
Imagines: La Antigüedad en las Artes escénicas y
visuales. Congreso Internacional (Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño 22-24
de octubre de 2007)
, ed. by
María J. Castillo Pascual, 615–632. Logroño: Universidad de la Rioja.
Rogers, Brett M.
2011 “
Heroes UnLimited. The Theory of the Hero’s Journey and the
Limitation of the Superhero Myth.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 73–86. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sánchez Pérez, Carlos
2015 “
La recepción del Corpus hermeticum en Promethea de Alan Moore.” In
E Barbatulis Puellisque. Habis, Anejo 1, ed. by
Mireia Movellán Luis &
Rodrigo Verano Liaño, 275–282. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla.
Sanjuán Iglesias, Eva M.
ª
2004 “
Amazonas en el siglo XX: Wonder Woman,
actualización de un mito.”
Minius 12: 25–40.
Schenck, Ken
2005 “
Superman: A Popular Culture Messiah.” In
The Gospel According to Superheroes. Religion and Popular
Culture, ed. by
Brisio J. Oropeza, 33–48. New York-Washington, D.C.-Baltimore-Bern-Frankfurt am Main-Berlin-Brussels-Vienna-Oxford: Peter Lang.
Segado Boj, Francisco
2005 “
Tambores de guerra en viñetas: Spiderman y el
11-S.”
Revista Historia y Comunicación Social 10: 233–246.
[URL] [01/05/2014].
Stanley, Kelli E.
2005 “
‘Suffering Sappho!’ Wonder Woman and the (Re)Invention of the
Feminine Ideal.”
Helios 32 (2): 143–171.
Strong, Anise K.
2011 “
A Dream of Augustus: Neil Gaiman’s Sandman and
Comics Mythology.” In
Classics and Comics, ed. by
George Kovacs, and
C. W. Marshall, 173–182. New York: Oxford University Press.
Tallon, Felix, and Jerry Walls
2005 “
Superman and Kingdom Come. The Surprise of
Philosophical Theology.” In
Superheroes and Philosophy. Truth, Justice, and the Socratic
Way, ed. by
Tom Morris, and
Matt Morris, 207–220. Chicago: Open Court.
Taylor, Aaron
2007 “
‘He’s Gotta Be Strong, and He’s Gotta Be Fast, and He’s Gotta Be
Larger than Life’: Investigating the Engendered Superhero
Body.”
Journal of Popular Culture 40 (2): 344–360.
Unceta Gómez, Luis
2007 “
Mito clásico y cultura popular: reminiscencias
clásicas en el cómic estadounidense.”
Epos 23: 333–344.
Unceta Gómez, Luis
2012 “
Greek Street: el mito griego visita los bajos
fondos.”
Minerva 25: 189–209.
Unceta Gómez, Luis
2013 “
La musa vejada. Clasicismo posmoderno y nuevas vías
de investigación.” In
Καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθὸς ἀνήρ· διδασκάλου παράδειγμα. Homenaje al
Profesor Juan Antonio López Férez, ed. by
Luis M. Pino Campos, and
Germán Santana Henríquez, 821–827. Madrid: Ediciones Clásicas.
Unceta Gómez, Luis
forthcoming). “
Una epopeya espacial: recepción clásica y ciencia ficción en Chroniques de l’Antiquité galactique de Valérie Mangin.”
Uría, José M.
2013 Jack Kirby el cuarto demiurgo. Madrid: Sportula.
Zanón Fernández, Ester
2013 “
El mito como temática superventas en el cómic de
finales del siglo XX: El extraño caso de Neil Gaiman y su The
Sandman
.” In
Mito e interdisciplinariedad. Los mitos antiguos,
medievales y modernos en la literatura y las artes contemporáneas, ed. by
José M. Losada Goya, and
Antonella Lipscomb, 353–361. Bari: Levante Editori.
Cited by
Cited by 3 other publications
Martínez Jiménez, Javier
2024.
Lycanthropus adulescens: the classical element in MTV’s Teen Wolf (2011–17).
Classical Receptions Journal 16:2
► pp. 209 ff.
Palermo, Sara
2020.
La recepción lésbica de la amazona: el caso Wonder Woman.
Journal of Feminist, Gender and Women Studies :9
► pp. 11 ff.
Unceta Gómez, Luis
2022.
Texto e imagen en La cólera de Javier Olivares y Santiago García, o por qué la Ilíada sigue teniendo algo que decirnos.
1616: Anuario de Literatura Comparada 12
► pp. 275 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.