Rhetoric of death in clinical case reports and clinical
tales
Death is a taboo in Western civilization. Even
healthcare fields, which are strongly familiar with the end
of life, cannot avoid the tendency to soften the impact
caused by talking or writing about death. Like anyone else,
healthcare professionals who publish clinical case reports
(ccr) tend to use euphemisms. They also have the option
to use a technical lexicon that could be perceived as a range of
euphemistic expressions. In this chapter we review the place of
death in this professional genre. We also compare several aspects of
the rhetoric of death in ccr and clinical tales. The
latter, though frequently written by medical authors, are intended
for a non-specialized public and have a literary communicative
purpose.
Article outline
- 1.Clinical case reports and clinical tales
- 2.The taboo of death
- 3.The reference to death in health settings
- 4.Reporting death in clinical case reports
- 5.Telling of death in clinical tales
-
References
-
Corpora cited
References (36)
References
Aiken R., Lewis. 2000. Death,
Dying and
Bereavement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Allan, Keith, and Kate Burridge. 2006. Forbidden
Words: Taboo and the Censoring of
Language. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
Ariès, Philippe. 1981. The
Hour of Our Death. New York: Vintage Books.
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1992. “Survival
as a Social
Construct.” Theory, Culture
and
Society 9: 1–36.
Corless, Inge, Barbara B. Germino, and Mary A. Pittman (eds). 2003. Dying,
Death, and Bereavement. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
Flynn, Eleanor, and Jennifer Philip. 2017. “How
Doctors Are Taught to Deal with
Death.” The
Conversation, Oct. 22. [URL]
Gorer, Geoffrey. 1967. Death,
Grief and Mourning. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Heerema, Esther. 2018. “Euphemisms
for Dead, Death, and Dying: Are They Helpful or
Harmful?.” Verywell
Health, Feb. 12. [URL]
Herbert, Anthony. 2016. “The
Role of Euphemisms in Healthcare
Communication.” Journal of
Healthcare
Communications. 1 (2:14): 1–2.
Jenicek, Milos. 2001. Clinical
Case Reporting in Evidenced-Based
Medicine. London: Arnold.
Macián, Cecili. 2013. La
construcción discursiva de la profesión podológica:
Aplicación al análisis de un corpus de revistas
especializadas (Ph.D.
Thesis). Castelló de la Plana: Universitat Jaume I.
Mornex, René. 2001. “Case
Reporting in Evidence-based
Medicine.” In Clinical
Case Reporting in Evidenced-Based
Medicine, by Milos Jenicek. London: Arnold.
Nissen, Trygve, and Rolf Wynn. 2012. “The
Recent History of the Clinical Case Report: A Narrative
Review.” Journal of the Royal
Society of
Medicine 3 (87): 1–5.
Nordquist, Richard. 2017. “Never
Say ’Die’: Euphemisms for
Death”. ThoughtCo, Jul. 19. [URL]
Ofri, Danielle. 2017. What
Patients Say, What Doctors
Hear. Boston: Beacon Press (ebook).
Přidalová, Marie. 1998. “Proč
je moderní smrt
tabu?.” Sociologický Časopis
/ Czech Sociological
Review 34 (3): 347–361.
Sacks, Oliver. 1987. The
Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical
Tales. New York: Perennial Library.
Sacks, Oliver. 1996. An
Anthropologist on Mars. New York: Vintage Books.
Sacks, Oliver. 2011. The
Mind’s Eye. New York: Vintage Books.
Salvador, Vicent, Cecili Macián, and Maria Josep Marín. 2013. “La
construcción de las profesiones sanitarias a través de las
revistas
especializadas.” Discurso
&
Sociedad 7 (1): 73–96.
Salvador, Vicent. 2016. “The
Clinical Case Report as a Discourse Genre in the Context of
Professional
Training.” In Medical
Discourse in Professional, Academic and Popular
Settings, ed.
by Pilar Ordóñez-López, and Nuria Edo-Marzá, 31–54. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Smith, Richard, and Nataly Kelly. 2012. “Global
Attempts to Avoid Talking Directly about Death and
Dying.” BMJ
Opinion, Aug. 16. [URL]
Venes, Donald (ed). 2013. Taber’s
Cyclopedic Medical
Dictionary. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company.
Walter, Tony. 1991. “Modern
Death: Taboo or Not
Taboo?.” Sociology 25 (2): 293–310.
Corpora cited
1. Forensic Med.: Death Caused by Honey Bee
Stings
Anolay, Nezih, M. Nihat Arslan, Bahadır Kumral, and Yalçın Büyük. 2014. “Death
Caused by Honey Bee Stings: Case
Report.” Medicine
Science 3 (2): 1305–1314.
2. Forensic Med.: Sudden Death After a Cold
Drink
Burke P., Allen, Muhammad Nasir Afza, Muhammad Nasir Afzal, Diane Scala Barnett, and Renu Virmani. 1999. “Sudden
Death After a Cold Drink: Case
Report.” American Journal of
Forensic Medicine &
Pathology 20 (1): 37–39.
3. Neurology: Sudden Death After Medullary
Infarction
Wang, Yuh-Jen, and Han-Hwa Hu. 2013. “Sudden
Death After Medullary Infarction – A Case
Report.” Kaohsiung Journal of
Medical
Sciences 29: 578–581.
4. Neurology: Intracranial Leptomeningeal
Carcinomatosis
Nuvoli, Susanna, Silvia Contu, Bi Llie Joy Pung, Patrizia Solinas, Giuseppe Madeddu, and Angela Spanu. 2018. “Intracranial
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Diagnostic Study with F
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed
Tomography.” Case Reports in
Neurology 10: 45–53.
5. Gastroenterology: Systemic Reactive
Amyloidosis Associated with Castleman’s Disease
Gaduputi, Vinaya, Hassan Tariq, Kanthi Badipatla, and Ariyo Ihimoyan. 2013. “Systemic
Reactive Amyloidosis Associated with Castleman’s
Disease.” Case Reports in
Gastroenterology 7: 476–481.
6. Dermatology: Three Cases of Intravascular
Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Araia, Takashi, Yukihiko Katoa, Maki Funakib, Sanae Shimamurac, Naoto Yokogawac, Syoji Sugiic, and Ryoji Tsuboid. 2016. “Three
Cases of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected in a
Biopsy of Skin
Lesions.” Dermatology 232: 185–188.
7. Ophthalmology: In vivo Confocal Microscopy
in Differentiating Ipilimumab
Kiratli, Hayyam, Mehmet C. Mocan, and Murat İrkeç. 2016. “In
vivo Confocal Microscopy in Differentiating
Ipilimumab-Induced Anterior Uveitis from Metastatic Uveal
Melanoma.” Case Reports in
Ophthalmology 7: 126–131.
8. Gastroenterology: Malignant Gastric Outlet
Obstruction
McGrath, Clare, Adrian Tsang, Harrish Nithianandan, Eric Nguyen, Patrick Bauer, and Kristopher Dennis. 2017. “Malignant
Gastric Outlet Obstruction from Pancreatic
Cancer.” Case Reports in
Gastroenterology 11: 511–515.
9. Ophthalmology: A Case of Mature Natural
Killer-Cell Neoplasm
Tagawa, Yoshiaki, Kenichi Namba, Reiki Ogasawara, Hiromi Kanno, and Susumu Ishida. 2015. “A
Case of Mature Natural Killer-Cell Neoplasm Manifesting
Multiple Choroidal Lesions: Primary Intraocular Natural
Killer-Cell Lymphoma.” Case
Reports in
Ophthalmology 6: 380–384.
10. Gastroenterology: Foreign Material in the
Gastrointestinal Tract: Cocaine Packets
Turkel Kucukmetin, Nurten, Bulent Gucyetmez, Tuncer Poyraz, Sadik Yildirim, Gungor Boztas, and Nurdan Tozun. 2014. “Foreign
Material in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Cocaine
Packets.” Case Reports in
Gastroenterology 8: 56–60.
11. Dermatology: Cutaneous
Angiosarcoma
Tomasini, Carlo, Marcella Grassi, and Mario Pippione. 2004. “Cutaneous
Angiosarcoma Arising in an Irradiated
Breast.” Dermatology 209: 208–214.
12. Sacks: A Passage to India
Sacks, Oliver. 1987. “A
Passage to
India.” In The
Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical
Tales, 153–155. New York: Perennial Library.