This article examines and rejects the perspective that Confucianism was compatible with a notion of rights. In contrast to the established doctrine of human rights which conceives human beings as moral equals, Confucianism was grounded in a philosophy and practice of moral inequality which measured human morality in relation to each persons position in the familial and social hierarchy. The roots of the Confucian antipathy towards human rights stemmed from the overriding significance attached to the attainment of social harmony since it was this that justified the apparent need for a hierarchical and therefore unequal society. This propensity towards harmony and hierarchy also ran counter to the notion that individuals possessed rights per se. With each person in the hierarchy expected to perform an onerous array of duties, there was little, if any, room for the pursuit of independent or separate interests. Consequently, any understanding that individuals were endowed with rights was stifled from the outset.
2021. Four challenges to Confucian virtue ethics in technology. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 19:3 ► pp. 358 ff.
Bo, Mengmeng & Gift Chinemerem Onwubuya
2022. The role of legislation in K-12 school discipline: The silence of action. Frontiers in Psychology 13
Ho, Manh-Tung, Peter Mantello, Hong-Kong T. Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong
2021. Affective computing scholarship and the rise of China: a view from 25 years of bibliometric data. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 8:1
HOFFMAN, EDWARD, MAN YEE HO, SYLVIA XIAOHUA CHEN & FERNANDO A. ORTIZ
2014. Retrospective Peak‐Experiences Among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling 53:1 ► pp. 34 ff.
Hsieh, Alexander L. & Roy A. Bean
2014. Understanding Familial/Cultural Factors in Adolescent Depression: A Culturally-Competent Treatment for Working With Chinese American Families. The American Journal of Family Therapy 42:5 ► pp. 398 ff.
Kuwabara, Ko
2015. How Does Status Affect Power Use? New Perspectives from Social Psychology. In Advances in Group Processes [Advances in Group Processes, 32], ► pp. 99 ff.
Kuwabara, Ko, Siyu Yu, Alice J. Lee & Adam D. Galinsky
2016. Status Decreases Dominance in the West but Increases Dominance in the East. Psychological Science 27:2 ► pp. 127 ff.
Lau, Wai Kwan, Lam D. Nguyen, Loan N. T. Pham & Daniel A. Cernas-Ortiz
2023. The mediating role of harmony in effective leadership in China: from a Confucianism perspective. Asia Pacific Business Review 29:3 ► pp. 546 ff.
Liang, Weihong
2022. Ideological Orientations of Chinese Human Rights Ideas. In Human Rights Education in China, ► pp. 35 ff.
2023. Bosses without a heart: socio-demographic and cross-cultural determinants of attitude toward Emotional AI in the workplace. AI & SOCIETY 38:1 ► pp. 97 ff.
Matthyssen, Mieke
2021. The Art of Not Knowing: A Scholar’s Paradox. In Ignorance is Bliss: The Chinese Art of Not Knowing [Palgrave Studies in Indigenous Psychology, ], ► pp. 73 ff.
Sun, Wenyan, Tengfei Guo, Karen Spruyt & Zhijun Liu
2022. The Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating the Detrimental Effects of Harsh Parenting among Chinese Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model in a Three-Wave Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:15 ► pp. 9731 ff.
Sundararajan, Louise
2015. Harmony: A Delicate Dance of Symmetry. In Understanding Emotion in Chinese Culture [International and Cultural Psychology, ], ► pp. 21 ff.
To, Christopher, Lisa M. Leslie, Carlos J. Torelli & Jennifer L. Stoner
2020. Culture and social hierarchy: Collectivism as a driver of the relationship between power and status. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 157 ► pp. 159 ff.
Wu, Pin-Hsien
2017. Practices and representations of environmental rights in rural China and India. Asian Journal of Communication 27:3 ► pp. 250 ff.
2021. Assessing ethnic business sustainability in transgenerational succession. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 13:4 ► pp. 477 ff.
Yeung, Yuet-Wah Echo & Siu-Man Ng
2011. Engaging Service Users and Carers in Health and Social Care Education: Challenges and Opportunities in the Chinese Community. Social Work Education 30:3 ► pp. 281 ff.
Zhang, Ying, Corrine Aramburo & Kwok Kuen Tsang
2023. Measuring Teacher Recognition Through Honneth’s Recognition Theory: Development and Validation of a Teacher Recognition Scale. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 32:1 ► pp. 111 ff.
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