Reflecting the global push for internationalisation, higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced a surge
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perspective of students. By combining recent conceptualisations of multilingualism and of EMEMUS, this paper offers a qualified
literature review, discussing four research scenarios that foreground different student groups and some of their multilingual
experiences and practices. Based on the ROAD‑MAPPING framework, such discussions retain a level of detail that allows for a
comprehensive interpretation across scenarios, offering insights into the complexity and fluidity of multilingualism within
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