Invoking scalarity
The development of in fact
Scott A. Schwenter | Ohio State University
Elizabeth Closs Traugott | Stanford University
The discourse contexts are analyzed in which clause-internal in fact developed pragmaticalized meanings and came to invoke scalarity in two domains: epistemic sentence adverb (IPAdv), and additive discourse marker (DM). In both these uses, in fact tightens word to world fit (Powell 1992): the world of epistemic belief in the case of the IPAdv, the world of evaluative, rhetorical perspective in the case of the DM. The analysis therefore provides further evidence for (i) pragmatic ambiguities across these worlds (Sweetser 1990), (ii) subjectification that shifts perspectives from interpersonal (adversative) to personal evaluation (Traugott 1989), (iii) the pragmatic relationship between scalarity, adversativity and additivity (Schwenter 1999). The different orientations of the two uses suggest they are polysemous, not contextually bound.
Published online: 04 May 2000
https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.1.04sch
https://doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.1.04sch
Cited by
Cited by 50 other publications
No author info given
2018.
In Discourse Readjustment(s) in Contemporary English,
► pp. 335 ff. 
Aijmer, Karin & Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen
2004. A model and a methodology for the study of pragmatic markers: the semantic field of expectation.
Journal of Pragmatics 36:10 ► pp. 1781 ff.
Aijmer, Karin & Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen
2009.
In Handbook of Pragmatics,
► pp. 1 ff.
Amaral, Patrícia & Manuel Delicado Cantero
2018.
In Contemporary Trends in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 15],
► pp. 31 ff.
Badan, Linda
2021.
In Pragmatic Markers and Peripheries [Pragmatics & Beyond New Series, 325],
► pp. 143 ff.
Bardenstein, Ruti
2021. Persistent argumentative discourse markers: The case of Hebrew rectification-marker be-ʕecem (‘actually’).
Journal of Pragmatics 172 ► pp. 254 ff.
Becker, Israela & Rachel Giora
2018. The Defaultness Hypothesis: A quantitative corpus-based study of non/default sarcasm and literalness production.
Journal of Pragmatics 138 ► pp. 149 ff.
Bondi, Marina
2012.
In The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics,
Buysse, Lieven
2020. ‘It was a bit stressy as well actually’. The pragmatic markers actually and in fact in spoken learner English.
Journal of Pragmatics 156 ► pp. 28 ff.
Charolles, Michel & Paola Pietrandrea
2012. En réalité : de la modalisation à l'organisation du discours.
Travaux de linguistique n°64:1 ► pp. 111 ff.
Chen, Jiajun
2017. Dialogicity in dialogue: Deriving Chinese discourse marker bieshuo from the negative imperative.
Journal of Pragmatics 110 ► pp. 34 ff.
Combettes, Bernard
2006. Du niveau textuel au niveau énonciatif dans la grammaticalisation : le rôle du contexte.
Langue française n° 149:1 ► pp. 48 ff.
Combettes, Bernard
2007. Grammaticalisation des marqueurs de topicalisation en français : les expressions du type pour ce qui regarde.
Langue française n° 156:4 ► pp. 93 ff.
Combettes, Bernard & Annie Kuyumcuyan
2007. La formation des modalisateurs en français : le cas des locutions formées sur vérité.
Langue française n° 156:4 ► pp. 76 ff.
Combettes, Bernard & Sophie Prevost
2001. Évolution des marqueurs de topicalisation.
Cahiers de praxématique :37 ► pp. 103 ff.
Crisostomo, C. Jay
2017. The Sumerian Discourse Markers u4-ba and u4-bi-a.
Journal of Cuneiform Studies 69:1 ► pp. 49 ff.
Defour, Tine & Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen
2010. “Positive Appraisal” as a Core Meaning ofwell: A Corpus-Based Analysis in Middle and Early Modern English Data.
English Studies 91:6 ► pp. 643 ff.
Degand, Liesbeth & Jacqueline Evers-Vermeul
2015. Grammaticalization or pragmaticalization of discourse markers?.
Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16:1 ► pp. 59 ff.
Degand, Liesbeth & Benjamin Fagard
2012. Competing connectives in the causal domain.
Journal of Pragmatics 44:2 ► pp. 154 ff.
FAGARD, BENJAMIN & MICHEL CHAROLLES
2018. Ailleurs, d'ailleurs, par ailleurs : De l'espace à l'humain, de l'humain au discours.
Journal of French Language Studies 28:3 ► pp. 351 ff.
Hassan, Lamiece, Dawn Edge, Jane Senior & Jenny Shaw
2015. Accounting for Psychotropic Medication Changes in Prisons.
Qualitative Health Research 25:7 ► pp. 954 ff.
Hundt, Marianne & Rahel Oppliger
2022.
(The) fact is … /(Die) Tatsache ist … focaliser constructions in English and German are similar but subject to different constraints.
International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 27:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Ionescu, Alice & Cecilia-Mihaela Popescu
2018. Les marqueurs de changement de topique du discours en roumain : évolution sémantique et rôle pragmatique.
Discours :23
Jucker, A.H.
2006.
In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics,
► pp. 329 ff.
Lange, Claudia
2021.
Basically
in Singapore English
.
World Englishes
Lavid-López, Julia
2021.
In Corpora in Translation and Contrastive Research in the Digital Age [Benjamins Translation Library, 158],
► pp. 178 ff.
Lewis, Diana M.
2014. Discourse patterns in the development of discourse markers in English.
Functions of Language 21:1 ► pp. 95 ff.
Lewis, Diana M.
2018.
In New Trends in Grammaticalization and Language Change [Studies in Language Companion Series, 202],
► pp. 135 ff.
Lo Baido, Maria Cristina
2021. L' allocuzione come veicolo di soggettività: tra enfasi e miratività.
Cuadernos de Filología Italiana 28 ► pp. 89 ff.
Maschler, Yael & Roi Estlein
2008. Stance-taking in Hebrew casual conversation via be'emet (`really, actually, indeed', lit. `in truth').
Discourse Studies 10:3 ► pp. 283 ff.
Maschler, Yael & Deborah Schiffrin
2015.
In The Handbook of Discourse Analysis,
► pp. 189 ff.
Mišković-Luković, Mirjana & Mirjana N. Dedaić
2012. The discourse marker odnosno at the ICTY: A case of disputed translation in war crime trials.
Journal of Pragmatics 44:10 ► pp. 1355 ff.
Nevalainen, Terttu & Matti Rissanen
2002. Fairly pretty or pretty fair? On the development and grammaticalization of English downtoners.
Language Sciences 24:3-4 ► pp. 359 ff.
Nicolle, Steve
2002. Review of Blank & Koch (1999): Historical Semantics and Cognition.
Journal of Historical Pragmatics 3:2 ► pp. 349 ff.
Pertejo, Paloma Núñez
2008. The Multifunctionality ofIndeedin Contemporary Spoken and Written English.
English Studies 89:6 ► pp. 716 ff.
Ranger, Graham
2018.
In Discourse Markers,
► pp. 135 ff.
Reig Alamillo, Asela
2011. The pragmatic meaning of the Spanish construction lo que pasa es que.
Journal of Pragmatics 43:5 ► pp. 1435 ff.
Rozumko, Agata
2021. Underspecification in the translation of discourse markers: A parallel corpus study of the treatment of connective functions of indeed in Polish translations.
Journal of Pragmatics 177 ► pp. 122 ff.
Ruskan, Anna
2019. Functional Variation of Discourse Particles in Lithuanian: A Look at Clause Peripheries.
Corpus Pragmatics 3:4 ► pp. 303 ff.
Sarda, Laure & Michel Charolles
2012. Les adverbiaux prépositionnels : position, fonction et portée présentation du numéro.
Travaux de linguistique n°64:1 ► pp. 7 ff.
Schwenter, Scott A.
2007. Interview with Elizabeth Closs Traugott.
Journal of English Linguistics 35:4 ► pp. 353 ff.
Shefer, Hagit
2018. The meaning and development of the Hebrew scalar modifier kexol
.
Topics in Linguistics 19:2 ► pp. 38 ff.
Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie & Dominique Willems
2011. Crosslinguistic data as evidence in the grammaticalization debate: The case of discourse markers.
Linguistics 49:2
Szczyrbak, Magdalena
2017. Modal adverbs of certainty in the rhetoric of Advocates General: a dialogic view.
Topics in Linguistics 18:1 ► pp. 48 ff.
Talavira, Nataliia
2017. English orientating constructions denoting location: classification and article use.
Lingua Posnaniensis 59:2 ► pp. 101 ff.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs
2003.
In Motives for Language Change,
► pp. 124 ff.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Richard B. Dasher
2001.
In Regularity in Semantic Change,
Verhagen, Arie
2002. From parts to wholes and back again.
Cognitive Linguistics 13:4
Wang, Yu-Fang, Pi-Hua Tsai & Ya-Ting Yang
2010. Objectivity, subjectivity and intersubjectivity: Evidence from qishi (‘actually’) and shishishang (‘in fact’) in spoken Chinese.
Journal of Pragmatics 42:3 ► pp. 705 ff.
Wang, Yufang, Shu-ing Shyu, Wayne Schams & Hsun-Chen Chen
2020. Mandarin Chinese buguo (‘but’) as a metacoherence marker in TV/radio interview talks.
Language and Linguistics. 語言暨語言學 21:1 ► pp. 104 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 19 april 2022. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.