Cultural dimensions and an intercultural study of narratorial behavior
This paper introduces the concept of ‘cultural dimension’ as developed in intercultural communication, into the field of intercultural narrative studies. Since cultural dimensions describe and explain social human behavior, the question emerges whether they can also help to study narratorial behavior. If so, cultural dimensions may assist scholars to study the cultural localization of global values in narratives. When conceiving of narrative as the representation of characters acting in situations, one may distinguish two levels of narrative behavior: the level of character behavior, i.e. the represented, and the level of a narrator behaving narratively, i.e. the representation. This paper focuses on the level of the narrative agency. Borrowing some classical concepts from narratology (real authors, implied authors, narrator, narratee, implied audience and real audiences), it examines how narratorial behavior may display cultural, i.e. localized values at various levels. By way of conclusion, this essay suggests how the concept of ‘cultural dimension’ could assist a study of cross-cultural audience empathy.
References
Bearden, William O., Bruce R. Money, and Jennifer L. Nevins
2006 ‘
Multidimensional versus Unidimensional Measures in Assessing National Culture Values: The Hofstede VSM 94 Example’.
Journal of Business Research 591: 195–203.


Booth, Wayne
1991 The Rhetoric of Fiction. 2nd Edition. London: Penguin Books.

Bordwell, David
1985 Narration in the Fiction Film. London, New York: Routledge.

Bordwell, David
2008 Poetics of Cinema. London: Routledge.

Bordwell, David, Kristin Thompson, and Janet Staiger
1985 The Classical Hollywood Cinema. Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960. London: Routledge.


Carroll, Noël
2001 ‘
On the Narrative Connection’. In
New Perspectives on Narrative Perspective, 21–41. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Carroll, Noël
2011.
‘On Some Affective Relations between Audiences and the Characters in Popular Fictions’. In
Empathy. Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives, 162–84. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Cattrysse, Patrick
forthcoming. ‘
Cultural Dimensions and an Intercultural Study of Screenwriting’. In
Transcultural Screenwriting: Telling Stories for a Global World. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Cattrysse, Patrick
2010 ‘
The Protagonist’s Dramatic Goals, Wants and Needs’.
Journal of Screenwriting 1 (1): 83–97.


Chatman, Seymour
1980 ‘
What Novels Can Do That Films Can’t (And Vice Versa)’.
Critical Inquiry 7 (1): 121–40.


de Waal, Frans
2009 The Age of Empathy. Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books.

Genette, Gérard
1972 Figures III. Collection Poétique. Paris: Editions du Seuil.

Grodal, Torben
2009 Embodied Visions. Evolution, Emotion, Culture, and Film. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Hall, Edward T.
1966 The Hidden Dimension. New York: Anchor Books Editions.

Hall, Edward T.
1976 Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Books Editions.

Hall, Stuart
1980 ‘
Encoding/Decoding’. In
Culture, Media, Language, 128–39. London: Hutchinson.

Hofstede, Geert
1980 Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Hofstede, Geert
2001 Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Hofstede, Geert, and Gert Jan Hofstede
2005 Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Revised and Expanded 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Keen, Suzanne
2007 Empathy and the Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Kitcher, Philip
2011 The Ethical Project. Cambridge MA; London: Harvard University Press.


Kluckhohn, Florence, and Frederick Strodtbeck
1961 Variations in Value Orientations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.

Liu, Shuang, Zala Volčič, and Cindy Gallois
2015 Introducing Intercultural Communication. Global Cultures and Contexts. 2nd Edition. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Minkov, Michael, and Geert Hofstede
2014 ‘
Clustering of 316 European Regions on Measures of Values: Do Europe’s Countries Have National Cultures?’
Cross-Cultural Research 48 (2): 144–76.


Morton, Adam
2011 ‘
Empathy for the Devil’. In
Empathy. Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives, 318–30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Nünning, Ansgar F.
2005 ‘
Reconceptualizing Unreliable Narration: Synthesizing Cognitive and Rhetorical Approaches’. In
A Companion to Narrative Theory, 89–107. London: Blackwell Publishing.


Parsons, Talcott
1951 The Social System. New York: Free Press.

Phelan, James
2005 Living to Tell about It: A Rhetoric of Ethics and Character Narration. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith
1983 Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. New Accents. London, New York: Methuen Publishing Ltd.


Rotter, Julian B.
1966 ‘
Generalized Expectations for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement’.
Psychological Monograph 6091: 1–28.


Schwartz, Sholom
1994 ‘
Beyond Individualism/collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values’. In
Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications, 85–119. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Smith, Brandon
(
2015)
A Moral Code for the Post-Collapse World, available online:
[URL]; visited on 06-01-2016.

Trompenaars, Fons, and Charles Hampden-Turner
1998 Riding the Waves of Culture. Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business. 2nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Verstraten, Peter
2008 Handboek Filmnarrotologie. 2nd edition. Nijmegen: Vantilt.

Wimsatt, William K., and Monroe C. Beardsley
1946 ‘
The Intentional Fallacy’.
Sewanee Review 541: 468–88.

Cited by
Cited by 2 other publications
Cattrysse, Patrick
2021.
Screenwriting: Between Art and Craft.
Palabra Clave 24:2
► pp. 1 ff.

O’Hagan, Minako, Julie McDonough Dolmaya & Hendrik J. Kockaert
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 november 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.