Direct and indirect speech in Spanish language news reports
This work uses data from two Spanish language newspapers: Granma from Cuba and El Nuevo Herald from Miami to analyze pragmatic and social factors that underlie the use of reported speech in news texts. This study examines pragmatic and social constraints on journalists’ choice of reporting speech structures. Journalists use direct speech to provide a literal quotation of another’s voice, whereas indirect speech is presents the journalists’ own rendition of the quoted words. The qualitative and quantitative analyses reveal that Granma and El Nuevo Herald exhibit different patterns of use of direct and indirect speech, which are motivated by the two newspapers’ ideological perspectives and the level of political and social power of the news actors.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The nature of direct and indirect speech
- 3.Data and discussion of results
- 3.1Semantic and pragmatic distinctions between direct and indirect speech in Granma and ENH
- 3.2Functional roles of direct and indirect speech in Granma and ENH
- 3.3Level of power and influence of the news actors
- 4.Conclusions
- Internet references (cited)
-
References
References
Alcina Franch, Juan y José Manuel Blecua
1975 Gramática española (2nd ed). Barcelona-Caracas-México: Ariel.
Banfield, Ann
1982 Unspeakable Sentences: Narration and Representation in the Language of Fiction. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Bednarek, Monika
2006 Evaluation in Media Discourse: Analysis of a Newspaper Corpus. London: Continuum.
Bell, Allan
1991 The Language of News Media. Oxford: Blackwell.
Blum Kulka, Shoshana
1983 “The Dynamics of Political Interviews.” Text 3 (2): 131–153.
Blyth, Carl, Sigrid Kecktenwald, and Jenny Wang
1990 “‘
I’m Like, “Say What?!”: A New Quotative in American Oral Narrative.’”
American Speech 651: 215–227.
Bolivar, Adriana, and Gerlit Betancourt
2002 “Estructuras de reporte y atribución de la información en la noticia periodística.” Núcleo 1 (19): 41–56.
Bolívar, Adriana
1996 “El control del acceso a la palabra en la noticia periodística.” Estudios-en el análisis crítico del discurso 141: 11–45.
Briggs, Charles
1992,
““Since I Am a Woman, I Will Chastise My Relatives”: Gender, Reported Speech, and the (Re) production of Social Relations in Warso Ritual Wailing.” American Ethnologist 191: 337–361.
Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen
1997 News as Social Practice. Florianopolis:ARES.
Chafe, Wallace
1994 Discourse, Consciousness, and Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Clark, Herbert H., and Richard J. Gerrig
1990 “Quotations as Demonstrations.” Language 66 (4): 762–805.
Clayman, Steven V
1991 “News Interview Openings: Aspects of Sequential Organization.” In
Broadcast Talk, ed. by
Paddy Scannell. London:Sage.
Clayman, Steven, and John Heritage
2002 The News Interview: Journalists and Public Figures on the Air. Cambridge: CUP.
Coulmas, Florian
(ed.)
1986 Direct and Indirect Speech. Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton, de Gruyter.
Declerck, Renaat, and Kazuhiko Tanaka
1996 “Constraints on Tense Choice in Reported Speech.” Studia linguística 501: 283–301.
Fairclough, Norman
1992 Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge-Malden: Polity Press.
Ferrara, Kathleen, and Barbara Bell
1995 “Sociolinguistic Variation and Discourse Function of Constructed Dialogue Introducers: The Case of BE+LIKE.” American Speech 701: 265–290.
Fowler, Roger
1991 Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.
Greatbatch, David
1998 “Conversation Analysis: Neutralism in British News Interviews.” In
Approaches to Media Discourse, ed. by
Allan Bell, and
Peter Garret, 163–185. Oxford: Blackwell.
Halliday, Michael A. K
2004 An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Oxford University Press.
Harris, Sandra
1991 “
Evasive Action: How Politicians Respond to Questions in Political Interviews.” In
Broadcast Talk, ed. by
Paddy Scanell, 76–99. London: Sage
Heritage, John, and David Greatbatch
1991 “
On the Institutional Character of Institutional Talk: The Case of News Interviews.” In
Talk and Social Structure, ed. by
Deirdre Boden, and
Don H. Zimmerman, 93–137. Cambridge: University of California Press.
Herman, David
1995 Universal Grammar and Narrative Form. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Johnston, Barbara
1987 “‘He Says …So I Said’: Verb Tense Alternation and Narrative Depictions of Authority in American English.” Linguistics 251: 33–52.
Kuroda, Sige-Yuki
1973 “Where Epistemology, Style, and Grammar Meet: A Case Study from Japanese.” In
A festschrft for Morris Halle, ed. by
Stephen Anderson, and
Paul Kiparski, 377–391. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Larson, Mildred
1978 The Functions of Reported Speech in Discourse. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas at Arlington.
Li, Charles
1986 “‘Direct and Indirect Speech: A Functional Study’.” In
Direct and Indirect Speech, ed. by
Florian Coulmas, 29–45. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Lucy, John
1993 “Reflexive Language and the Human Disciplines.” In
Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics, ed. by
John Lucy, 9–12. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lynch, Andrew
2009 “Expression of Cultural Standing in Miami: Cuban Spanish Discourse about Fidel Castro and Cuba”.
Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana (RILI) 141: 21–48.
Maldonado Gonzáles, Concepción
1991 Discurso directo y discurso indirecto. Madrid: Taurus Universitaria.
Maldonado Gonzáles, Concepción
1999 “Discurso directo y discurso indirecto.” In
Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española. Entre la oración y el discurso, ed. by
Ignacio Bosque, and
Violeta Montes.
Morfología. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
Mathis, Terri, and George Yule
1994 “Zero Quotatives.” Discourse Processes 181: 63–76.
Maynard, Senko
1996 “
Mutivoicedness in Speech and Thought Representation. The Case of Self-quotation in Japanese.”
Journal of Pragmatics 251: 207–226.
Méndez García de Paredes, Elena
1999 “Análisis de la reproducción del discurso ajeno en los textos periodísticos.” Pragmalingüística 71: 99–128.
Méndez García de Paredes, Elena
2000 ”
La literalidad de la cita en los textos periodísticos.”
Revista Española de lingüística 30 (1): 147–168.
Montgomery, Martin
2007 The Discourse of Broadcast News. A Linguistic Approach. London and New York: Routledge.
Norusis, Marija J
1993 SPSS for Windows: Base System User’s Guide. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
Partee, Barbara
1973 “The Syntax and Semantics of Quotation.” In
A Festschrift for Morris Halle, ed. by
Stephen Anderson, and
Paul Kiparsky, 410–418. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Pascal, Roy
1977 The Dual Voice: Free Indirect Speech and Its Functioning in the Nineteenth-Century European Novel. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Philips, Susan
1986 “
Reported Speech as Evidence in an American Trial.” In
GURT’85. Languages and Linguistics: The Interdependence of Theory, Data and Application, Deborah Tannen, and James Alatis, 154–170. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Reyes, Graciela
1984 Polifonía textual. La citación en el relato literario. Madrid: Gredos.
Richardson, John E
2006 Analysing Newspapers: An Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sanders, José, and Redeker Gisela
1996 “Perspective and Representation of Speech and Thought in Narrative Discourse.” In
Spaces, Worlds, and Grammar, ed. by
Gilles Fauconnier, and
Eve Sweetser, 290–317. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Subervi-Velez, Federico A
2008 “What is Known? Writings on Contributions of Newspapers and Other Mass Media to Latino Political Life”. In
The Mass Media and Latino Politics. Studies of U.S Media Content, Campaign Strategies and Survey Research: 1984–2004, ed. by
Federico A. Subervi-Vélez, 21–51. New York-United Kingdom: Routledge.
Thompson, Geoff
1996 “
Voices in the Text: Discourse Perspectives on Language Reports.”
Applied Linguistics 171: 501–530.
Urban, Greg
1993 “
The Represented Functions of Speech in Shokleng Myth.” In
Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics, ed. by
John Lucy 241–259. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Van Dijk, Teun
(ed.)
1985a Handbook of Discourse Analysis (4 vols). London: Academic Press.
Van Dijk, Teun
1985b Discourse and Communication: New Approaches to the Analysis of Mass Media Discourses and Communication. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Co.
Van Dijk, Teun A
1986 “
News Schemata.” In
Studying Writing, Linguistic Approaches,
C. Cooper, and
S. Greenbaum, 155–186. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Van Dijk, Teun A
1988a News as Discourse. London: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Van Dijk, Teun A
1988b News Analysis. London: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Van Dijk, Teun A
2003 Ideología y discurso. Barcelona: Ariel Lingüística.
Verdín Díaz, G
1970 “Introducción al estilo indirecto libre en español.” Revista de filología Española, 911.
Vincent, Diane, and Sylvie Dubois
1996 “A Study of the Use of Reported Speech in Spoken Language.” In
Sociolinguistic Variation: Data, Theory, and Analysis, ed. by
Jennifer Arnold et al.., 361–374. Stanford, CA: CSLI.
Vincent, Diane, and Laurent Perrin
1999 “
On the Narrative vs Non-Narrative Functions of Reported Speech: A Socio-Pragmatic Study.”
Journal of Sociolinguistics 3/31: 291–313.
Wald, Benji
1987 “Spanish-English Grammatical Contact in Los Angeles: The Grammar of Reported Speech in the East Los Angeles Contact Vernacular.” Linguistics 251: 53–80.
Waugh, Linda R
1995 “Reported Speech in Journalistic Discourse: The Relation of Function and Text.” Text 11: 129–173.
White, Peter R. R
1997 “
Death, Disruption and the Moral Order: The Narrative Impulse in Mass-Media ‘Hard-News’ Reporting.” In
Genre and Institutions: Social Processes in the Workplace and School, ed. by
Frances Christie, and
J. R. Martin, 101–133. London: Cassell.
White, Peter R. R
2000 “Media Objectivity and the Rhetoric of News Story Structure.” In
Discourse and Community: Doing Functional Linguistics, ed. by
Eija Ventola, 379–397. Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
White, Peter R. R, and Elizabeth A. Thomson
(eds)
2008 “The News Story as Rhetoric: Linguistic Approaches to the Analysis of Journalistic Discourse.” In
Communicating Conflict. Multilingual Case of the News Media, ed. by
Elizabeth Thompsson, and
Peter R. R. White. London and New York: Continuum.
Wierzbika, Anna
1974 “
The Semantics of Direct and Indirect Discourse.”
Papers in Linguistics 7 (3/4): 267–307.
Yule, George, and Terrie Mathis
1992 “The Role of Staging and Constructed Dialogue in Establishing Speaker’s Topic.” Linguistics 301: 199–215.
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
Luo, Ling & Hua Wang
2023.
Coverage differences of Vladimir Putin’s image in the media of China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and Laos.
Journalism
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 2 april 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.