Academic debate about the anachronism of national borders is extensive. The general population, however, has been less keen to embrace the idea of a ‘postnational’ world. This paper offers evidence from focus groups with Australians suggesting that in some quarters talking beyond the nation is occurring. However, the ideology of the nation-state remains strong, and such talk is quickly shut down using a particular rhetorical device. This is ‘the principle/practical’ dichotomy, which insists that dropping national borders is impractical for a range of reasons, despite it perhaps being a valuable idea in principle. The paper explores the ways this occurs, using detailed critical discourse analysis. Practical objections are generally framed in terms of governance rather than cultural issues. However, practical examples of existing ‘no borders’ situations are used to make the counter-argument that a postnational world is possible.
Abram, Simone, Bela Feldman Bianco, Shahram Khosravi, N. Salazar, and Nicholas de Genova. 2016. “The free movement of people around the world would be Utopian: IUAES World Congress 2013: Evolving Humanity, Emerging Worlds, 5–10 August 2013.” Identities. 1–33.
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Anderson, Bridget, Nandita Sharma, and Cynthia Wright. 2009. “Editorial: Why No Borders?” Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees (Special Issue on ‘No Borders as a Practical Political Project’) 261: 5–18.
Appiah, Kwami. 2006. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: Norton.
Audi, Robert. 2009. “Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism, and Globalization.” The Journal of Ethics 131: 365–81.
Bartram, David. 2010. “International Migration, Open Borders Debates, and Happiness.” International Studies Review 121: 339–61.
Beck, Ulrich, and Natan Sznaider. 2006. “Unpacking Cosmopolitanism for the Social Sciences: A Research Agenda.” British Journal of Sociology 571: 1–23.
Block, Walter. 1998 “A Libertarian Case for Free Immigration.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 131: 167–86.
Brett, Judith, and Anthony Moran. 2011. “Cosmopolitan Nationalism: Ordinary People Making Sense of Diversity.” Nations and Nationalism 171: 188–206.
Calhoun, Craig. 2007. Nations Matter: Culture, History, and the Cosmopolitan Dream. London: Routledge.
Carens, Joseph. 1987. “Aliens and Citizens: The Case for Open Borders.” The Review of Politics 491: 251–73.
Castles, Stephen, and Alistair Davidson. 2000. Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. New York: Routledge.
Dinan, Desmond. 1999. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. London: Boulder.
Edwards, Derek, and Jonathon Potter. 1992. Discursive Psychology. London: Sage.
Fairclough, Norman. 2013. Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Fozdar, Farida. 2016. “Asian Invisibility/Asian Threat: Australians Talking About Asia” Journal of Sociology 521: 789–805.
Fozdar, Farida. 2008. “Duelling Discourses, Shared Weapons: Rhetorical Techniques Used to Challenge Racist Arguments.” Discourse and Society 191: 529–47.
Fozdar, Farida, and Mitchell Low. 2015. “‘They Have to Abide by Our Laws…and Stuff’: Ethno Nationalism Masquerading as Civic Nationalism.” Nations and Nationalism 211: 524–43.
Fozdar, Farida, and Anne Pedersen. 2013. “Diablogging About Asylum Seekers: Building a Counter-Hegemonic Discourse.” Discourse & Communication 71: 1–18.
Gamson, William. 1992. Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hedetoft, Ulf, and Mette Hjort. 2002. The Postnational Self: Belonging and Identity. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
Higgins, Peter. 2008. “Open Borders and the Right to Immigration.” Human Rights Review 91: 525–35.
Huntington, Samuel. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. India: Penguin Books.
Inglis, David. 2013. “Cosmopolitanism’s Sociology and Sociology’s Cosmopolitanism: Re-Telling the History of Cosmopolitan Theory from Stoicism to Durkheim and Beyond.” Distinktion: Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory 151: 69–87.
Jacobs, Keith, and Jeff Malpas. 2011. Ocean to Outback: Cosmopolitanism in Contemporary Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: UWA Publishing.
Jupp, James. 2007. From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Kitzinger, Jenny, and Rosaline Barbour. 1999. Developing Focus Group Research: Politics, Theory and Practice. London: Sage.
Kohler-Koch, Beate, and Rainer Eising. (eds). 1999. The Transformation of Governance in the European Union. London: Routledge.
Krueger, Richard, and Mary Anne Casey. 2000. Focus Groups. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Krzyzanowski, Michal. 2008. “Analysing Focus Group Discussions.” In Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michal Krzyzanowski, 162–81. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lamont, Michele, and Sada Aksartova. 2002. “Ordinary Cosmopolitanisms: Strategies for Bridging Racial Boundaries Among Working-Class Men.” Theory, Culture & Society 191: 1–25.
Munday, Jennie. 2006. “Identity in Focus: The Use of Focus Groups to Study the Construction of Collective Identity.” Sociology 401: 89–105.
Nussbaum, Martha. 1994. “Cosmopolitanism and Patriotism.” Boston Review 191: 3–16.
Pakulski, Jan, and Bruce Tranter. 2000. “Civic, National and Denizen Identity in Australia.” Journal of Sociology 361: 205–22.
Phillips, Timothy, and Robert Holton. 2007. “What Do Australians Think About Globalisation? Public and Personal Dimensions.” In Australian Social Attitudes 2: Citizenship, Work and Aspirations, edited by David Denemark, Gabrielle Meagher, Shaun Wilson, Mark Western, and Timothy Phillips, 107–24. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Phillips, Timothy, and Philip Smith. 2008. “Cosmopolitan Beliefs and Cosmopolitan Practices: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Sociology 441: 391–99.
Phillips, Timothy, and Philip Smith. 2000. “What is ‘Australian’? Knowledge and Attitudes Among a Gallery of Contemporary Australians.” Australian Journal of Political Science 351: 203–24.
Pickering, Sharon. 2001. “Common Sense and Original Deviancy: News Discourses and Asylum Seekers in Australia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 141: 169–86.
Pomerantz, Anita. 1986. “Extreme Case Formulations: A Way of Legitimizing Claims.” Human Studies 91: 219–29.
Pomerantz, Anita. 1984. “Agreeing and Disagreeing with Assessments: Some Features of Preferred/Dispreferred Turn Shapes.” In Structures of Social Action: Studies in Conversation Analysis, edited by Maxwell Atkinson, and John Heritage, 57–101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Puchta, Claudia, and Jonathon Potter. 2004. Focus Group Practice. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sassen, Saskia. 2006. Territory Authority Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Sassen, Saskia. 1996. Losing Control. New York: Columbia University Press.
Schiller, Nina Glick, Linda Basch, and Christina Blanc‐Szanton. (eds). 1992. “Transnationalism: A New Analytic Framework for Understanding Migration.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 6451: 1–24.
Schiller, Nina Glick, and Andrew Irving. 2015. Whose Cosmopolitanism? Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and Discontents. New York: Berghan.
Skey, Michael. 2013. “Why Do Nations Matter? The Struggle for Belonging and Security in an Uncertain World.” The British Journal of Sociology 641: 81–98.
Skrbis, Zlatko, and Ian Woodward. 2007. “The Ambivalence of Ordinary Cosmopolitanism: Investigating the Limits of Cosmopolitan Openness.” The Sociological Review 551: 730–47.
Smithson, Janet. 2000. “Using and analysing focus groups: limitations and possibilities.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 31: 103–19.
Soysal, Yasemin. 1994. Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stokes, Geoffrey, Roderic Pitty, and Gary Smith. (eds). 2008. Global Citizens: Australian Activists for Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stone, Dianne. 2013. Knowledge Networks and Transnational Governance: The Public-Private Policy Nexus in the Global Agora. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Turner, Bryan, Christine Halse, and Arathi Sriprakash. 2014. “Cosmopolitanism: Religion and Kinship Among Young People in South-Western Sydney.” Journal of Sociology 501: 83–98.
van den Berg, Harry, Margaret Wetherell, and Hanneke Houtkoop-Steenstra. (eds). 2003. Analyzing Race Talk: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Interview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
van Dijk, Teun. 1987. Communicating Racism: Ethnic Prejudice in Thought and Talk. California: Sage.
Vertovec, Steve. 2001. “Transnationalism and Identity.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 271: 573–82.
Vertovec, Steve, and Robin Cohen. (eds). 2002. Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Walzer, Michael. 1981. “The Distribution of Membership”. In Boundaries: National Autonomy and Its Limits, edited by Peter Brown, and Henry Shue, 1–35. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman.
Werbner, Pnina. 2008. “Introduction: Towards a New Cosmopolitan Anthropology.” In Anthropology and the New Cosmopolitanism, edited by Pnina Werbner, 1–29. Berg: Oxford.
Werbner, Pnina. 1999. “Global Pathways. Working Class Cosmopolitans and the Creation of Transnational Ethnic Worlds.” Social Anthropology 71: 17–35.
Wetherell, Margaret. 2003. “Racism and the Analysis of Cultural Resources in Interviews.” In Analyzing Race Talk: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Research, edited by Harry van den Berg, Margaret Wetherell, and Hanneke Houtkoop-Steenstra, 11–30. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wetherell, Margaret, and Jonathon Potter. 1992. Mapping the Language of Racism: Discourse and the Legitimation of Exploitation. Hertfordshire, UK: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
Wodak, Ruth. 2001. “What CDA is About: A Summary of Its History, Important Concepts and Its Developments.” In Methods of Critical Discourse Studies, edited by Ruth Wodak, and Michael Meyer, 1–13. London: Sage.
Wodak, Ruth, and Michael Meyer. 2001. Methods of Critical Discourse Studies. London: Sage.
Wodak, Ruth, and Martin Reisigl. (eds). 2009. The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Woodward, Ian, Zlatko Skrbis, and Clive Bean. 2008. “Attitudes Towards Globalization and Cosmopolitanism: Cultural Diversity, Personal Consumption and the National Economy.” British Journal of Sociology 591: 207–26.
Cited by (5)
Cited by five other publications
Moran, Anthony
2021. Globalisation, postnationalism and Australia. Journal of Sociology 57:1 ► pp. 128 ff.
Ashcroft, Bill
2019. Borders, Bordering, and the Transnation. English Academy Review 36:1 ► pp. 5 ff.
Fozdar, Farida
2018. Social Transformation and the Individual: Opportunities and Limitations. Journal of Intercultural Studies 39:2 ► pp. 129 ff.
Fozdar, Farida
2018. Buying the Nation and Beyond: Discursive Dilemmas in Debates around Cosmopolitan Consumption. In Cosmopolitanism, Markets, and Consumption, ► pp. 239 ff.
Fozdar, Farida
2021. Re-imagining the world: Australians’ engagement with postnationalism, or Why the nation is the problem. Journal of Sociology 57:1 ► pp. 146 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 14 september 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.