Portrayal of power in manifestos
Investigating authority legitimation strategies of Pakistan’s political parties
Fizza Farrukh | Air University
Farzana Masroor | Air University
Power, conforming to particular political groups of the society, is exercised on the masses by making them believe
in the legitimacy of that dominance. This association enables the groups to exercise their power and promulgate their ideologies
through their discourse as well. One illustration of this discourse appears in the form of political manifestos. Utilizing the
tool of language, the political actors (as agents of political parties) set agendas, pertinent topics and position their stance in
these manifestos. Framed under critical discourse analysis, the current study attempts to investigate this act of ‘legitimation’
promulgated by Chilton (2004) and the strategies of Authority Legitimation, devised by
Van Leeuwen (2008). The article illustrates how the power-holders utilize their
linguistic resources to authorize their stance, idea, and action. The study helps explicating the relation between power, ideology
and language and promulgates consciousness regarding the reality constructed by humans, as social and political actors.
Keywords: politics, power, discourse, manifestos, ideology, legitimation strategies, Pakistan
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 1.1Pakistani political field
- 1.2Politics and persuasion
- 1.3Manifestos as political discourse
- 1.4Legitimation in political discourse
- 2.Data and methods
- 3.Findings and discussion
- 3.1Personal authority in the Pakistani manifestos
- 3.2Expert authority in Pakistani manifestos
- 3.3Role model authority in Pakistani manifestos
- 3.4Impersonal authority in Pakistani manifestos
- 3.5Authority of tradition in Pakistani manifestos
- 3.6Authority of conformity in Pakistani manifestos
- 3.7Statistical calculations
- 4.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
-
References
Published online: 16 February 2021
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18009.far
https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18009.far
References
Adeney, Katharine
Ali, Marwah K., Anne A. Christopher, and Munif Z. F. B. Nordin
Al-Tahmazi, Thulfiqar H.
Awami National Party
[ANP]
2013 “Elections Manifesto
2013.” Accessed October 22,
2017. http://www.cpdi-pakistan.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ANPs-Manifesto-2013-copy.pdf
Bilal, Hafiz A., Hina M. Ahsan, Sundus Gohar, Sehreen Younis, and Saqib J. Awan
Breeze, Ruth
Fairclough, Norman
Gamson, William
Hansson, Sten
Hakimnia, Roya, Inger K. Holmstron, Marianne Carlsson, and Anna T. Hoglund
Hussain, Sajid, A. R. Sajid, and Shafiq Jullandhry
Jacobson, Matthew
Martínez-Mesa, Jeovany, David Alejandro González-Chica, Rodrigo Pereira Duquia, Renan Rangel Bonamigo, and Joao Luiz Bastos
Masroor, Farzana, Qintarah N. Khan, Iman Aib, and Zulfiqar Ali
McDonald, Michael D., Silvia M. Mendes
Memon, Nazish, Faraz Ali Bughio, and Illahi Bux Gopang
Miller, David, Janet Coleman, William Connolly and Alan Ryan
Motion, Judy
Muñoz, Heraldo
Muttahida Qaumi Movement
[MQM]
2013 “Empowering People: 2013
Manifesto.” Accessed October 10,
2017. http://www.cpdi-pakistan.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/MQM-Manifesto-2013-Eng.pdf
Nadeem, Ushna, Muhammad Asim Mahmood, & Rashid Mahmood
Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz
[PMLN]
2013 “National Agenda for Real Change: Manifesto
2013”. Accessed November 20,
2017. http://pmo.gov.pk/documents/manifesto.pdf
Pakistan People’s Party Parliamentarians
[PPPP]
2013 “2013
Manifesto.” Accessed November
21, 2017. http://www.cpdi-pakistan.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/PPP_Manifesto_2013.pdf
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
[PTI]
2013 “
PTI Manifesto Election
2013
.” Accessed October
25, 2017. http://www.insaf.pk/about-us/know-pti/manifesto
Pitcher, Ben
Reyes, Antonio
Richards, Paul
Richardson, John E., Michał Krzyżanowski, David Machin and Ruth Wodak
Rye, Danny
Sadeghi, Bahador, Mohammad Taghi Hassani, and Vahid Jalali
Sarvat, Humaira
Serfaty, Viviane
Shaikh, Nazra Zahid, Ruksana Tariq, and Najeeb-us-Saqlain
Taiwo, Rotimi
Vaara, Eero, Janne Tienari, and Juha Laurila
Van Leeuwen, Theo