Menos masculino, demasiado infantil
How age and gender ideologies index sexuality in diminutive perception in Madrid Spanish
Age is an under-analyzed variable in linguistic research concerning gender and sexuality. We consider these three
constructs by examining diminutives as an index of gay sexuality in Madrid Spanish across two tasks. Although phonetic cues have received
great attention, morphological features (e.g. diminutives) may also index gayness (
Mendes 2014).
Moreover, despite frequent usage across Spanish-speaking varieties, diminutives are primarily restricted to women and children in
north-central Spain (
Haensch 2002). In a diminutive reaction task, 53 Madrid residents indicated
whether men, women, adults, or children were likely to have uttered diminutivized sentences. Mixed-effects models indicated that the number
of diminutives and sentence theme significantly affected perception, and participants’ evaluations in a free response task corroborated that
men using diminutives were considered effeminate, gay, and childish. Thus, even with sociophonetic cues removed, morphological phenomena
create a gay percept. This study demonstrates how age ideologies inform indexicalization processes related to gender and sexuality.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.The Spanish diminutive
- 2.1Functions of the diminutive
- 2.2Diminutive variation
- 2.3Diminutives and age, gender, and sexuality
- 3.Method
- 4.Results
- 4.1Overall rates of selection in diminutive reaction task
- 4.2Mixed-effects models for diminutive reaction task
- 4.3Item-analysis: Responses by number of diminutives and sentence theme
- 4.4Free response task data
- 5.Discussion
- 5.1Contextualizing results through the free response task
- 6.Conclusion
- Notes
-
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