Bilingual/bisexual
Linguistic and sexual fluidity in fictional accounts of bilingualism and language learning
Recent work in language and sexuality has emphasized globalization and multilingualism as important areas of investigation (Bucholtz & Hall 2006, Leap & Boellstorff 2003, Murray 2014). Concomitantly, other scholars have employed the construct of sexual fluidity as a metaphor for linguistic fluidity (Otsuji & Pennycook 2010, Pennycook & Otsuji 2015). Few studies, however, have examined how sexual and linguistic fluidity intersect in individual experience. This paper examines metalinguistic discourse in three fictional novels involving bisexual, bilingual characters in order to understand how talk about language informs representations of sexualities. In these texts bilingualism functions in constructing access to queer communities, authenticity, belonging, and emotional control for bisexual characters. Further, sexual and linguistic fluidity are portrayed as lifespan processes embedded in specific time periods. Such understandings point to a need for historical approaches to fluidity that capture longer timescales and multiple dimensions of linguistic and sexual desire, practice, and identity.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Fluidity and fixity
- 3.Bisexuality
- 4.Literary representation
- 5.The study
- 6.Bilingual/bisexual in three novels
- 6.1
In One Person: “Trans” fluid
- 6.2
Krakow Melt: Mixing
- 6.3
Red Audrey and the Roping: Fixity
- 7.Discussion
- 7.1Lifespan orientations
- 7.2Historical contextualization
- 7.3Methodological frameworks
- 8.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Note
-
References
This article is currently available as a sample article.
References
Abraham, Julie
2008 [1996] Are Girls Necessary? Lesbian Writing and Modern Histories. Minneapolis: University Of Minnesota Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Abraham, Julie
2009 Metropolitan Lovers. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ahearn, Laura
2001 Language and agency.
Annual Review of Anthropology 301: 109–137.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baker, Paul
2008 Sexed Texts: Language, Gender and Sexuality. London: Equinox.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Baldwin, James
1964 Giovanni’s Room. New York: Dell Publishing.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blommaert, Jan
2010 The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blommaert, Jan, Collins, James & Slembrouck, Stef
2005 Spaces of multilingualism.
Language & Communication 25(3): 197–216.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Blommaert, Jan & Huang, April
2009 Historical bodies and historical space.
Journal of Applied Linguistics 6(3): 267–282.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bucholtz, Mary & Hall, Kira
2006 Gender, sexuality, and language. In
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Volume 4,
Keith Brown (ed), 751. Oxford: Elsevier.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bulfinch, Thomas
1959 Bulfinch’s Mythology: The Age of Fable, the Age of Chivalry, Legends of Charlemagne. New York: Dell Publishing.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Caldas, Stephen & Caron-Caldas, Suzanne
2002 A sociolinguistic analysis of the language preferences of adolescent bilinguals: Shifting allegiances and developing identities.
Applied Linguistics 23(4): 490–514.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cameron, Deborah & Kulick, Don
2003 Language and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Canagarajah, Suresh
2013 Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations. New York: Routledge.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cox, Daniel Allen
2010 Krakow Melt. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Diamond, Lisa
2008 Sexual Fluidity: Understanding Women’s Love and Desire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Diaz, Junot
2008 The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. New York: Riverhead Trade.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Duff, Patricia A.
2011 Second language socialization. In
Handbook of Language Socialization,
Alessandro Duranti,
Elinor Ochs &
Bambi B. Schieffelin (eds), 564–586. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Eliason, Mickey & Elia, John
2011 Reflections about bisexuality and the Journal of Bisexuality
.
Journal of Bisexuality 11(4): 412–419.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fogle, Lyn Wright
2012 Second Language Socialization and Learner Agency: Adoptive Family Talk. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Garrett, Paul
2004 Review of Language Socialization in Bilingual and Multilingual Societies
.
Language in Society 33(5): 776–779.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Garrett, Paul & Baquedano-Lopéz, Patricia
2002 Language socialization: Reproduction and continuity transformation and change.
Annual Review of Anthropology 311: 339–361.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Garrett, Paula & Young, Richard
2009 Theorizing affect in foreign language learning: An analysis of one learner’s responses to a communicative Portuguese course.
The Modern Language Journal 93(2): 209–226.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hajratwala, Minal
2009 Leaving India: My Family’s Journey from Five Villages to Five Continents. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Halperin, David
2009 Thirteen ways of looking at a bisexual.
Journal of Bisexuality 9(3–4): 451–455.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hult, Francis
2014 Covert bilingualism and symbolic competence: Analytical reflections on negotiating insider/outsider positionality in Swedish speech situations.
Applied Linguistics 35(1): 63–81.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hyltenstam, Kenneth & Obler, Loraine
1989 Bilingualism Across the Lifespan: Aspects of Acquisition, Maturity, and Loss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Irving, John
2012 In One Person. Simon & Schuster Inc.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jones, Rodney
2005 “You show me yours, I’ll show you mine.”: The negotiated shifts from textual to visual modes in computer-mediated interaction among gay men.
Visual Communication 4 (1): 69–92.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jones, Rodney
2013 Verbal hygiene in the Hong Kong gay community.
World Englishes 32(1): 75–92.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kellman, Steven
2000 The Translingual Imagination. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
King, Kendall A.
2000 Language ideologies and heritage language education.
International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 3(3): 167–184.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kinsey, Alfred
1948 Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kinsey, Alfred
1953 Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lambert, Sheela
2014 Bisexual books recommended and critiqued for use in universities and senior secondary schools.
Journal of Bisexuality 14(1): 156–171.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lantolf, James P.
2006 Sociocultural theory and L2: State of the Art.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition (28)11: 67–109.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Leap, William L. & Boellstorff, Tom
(eds) 2003 Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization and Gay Language. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lemke, Jay
2000 Across the scales of time: Artifacts, activities, and meanings in ecosocial systems.
Mind, Culture, and Activity 7(4): 273–290.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Liddicoat, Anthony J.
2009 Sexual identity as linguistic failure: Trajectories of interaction in the heteronormative language classroom.
Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 8(2–3): 191–202.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Lippi-Green, Rosina
2011 English with an Accent: Language, Ideology and Discrimination in the United States. 2nd edition. London: Routledge.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Maher, John
2010 Metroethnicities and metrolanguages. In
The Handbook of Language and Globalization,
Nikolas Coupland (ed), 575–591. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Malone, Jill
2008 Red Audrey and the Roping. Ann Arbor, MI. Bywater Books.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nelson, Cynthia
2006 Queer inquiry in language education.
Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 5(1): 1–9.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Nelson, Cynthia
2010 A gay immigrant student’s perspective: Unspeakable acts in the language class.
TESOL Quarterly 44(3): 441–464.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Norton, Bonny
2013 Identity and Language Learning: Extending the Conversation. 2nd edition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ochs, Elinor & Schieffelin, Bambi
1982 Language Acquisition and Socialization: Three Developmental Stories and their Implications. Austin, TX: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Otsuji, Emi & Pennycook, Alastair
2010 Metrolingualism: Fixity, fluidity and language in flux.
International Journal of Multilingualism 7(3): 240–254.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pennycook, Alastair
2012 Language and Mobility: Unexpected Places. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pennycook, Alastair & Otsuji, Emi
2014 Metrolingual multitasking and spatial repertoires: ‘Pizza mo two minutes coming.’ Journal of Sociolinguistics 18(2): 161–184.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Pennycook, Alastair & Otsuji, Emi
2015 Metrolingualism: Language in the City. New York: Routledge.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Poplack, Shana
1980 Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en español: Toward a typology of code-switching.
Linguistics 181: 581–618.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Q&A.
2011 Q&A with Daniel Allen Cox.
[URL] (October 13, 2014)
Ritzer, George
(ed) 2007 The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Schieffelin, Bambi B., Woolard, Kathryn & Kroskrity, Paul
(eds) 1998 Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Scollon, Ronald & Scollon, Suzanne
2004 Nexus Analysis: Discourse and the Emerging Internet. London: Routledge.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Takahashi, Kimie
2012 Language Learning, Gender and Desire: Japanese Women on the Move. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Tartt, Donna
2013 The Goldfinch: A Novel. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Uryu, Michiko, Steffensen, Sune V. & Kramsch, Claire
2014 The ecology of intercultural interaction: Timescales, temporal ranges and identity dynamics.
Language Sciences 411: 41–59.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Wortham, Stanton
2012 Beyond macro and micro in the linguistic anthropology of education.
Anthropology & Education Quarterly 43(2): 128–137.
![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by
Cited by 1 other publications
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.