Convergence in the Malabar
The case of Indo-Portuguese
The Indo-Portuguese creole languages that formed along the former Malabar Coast of southwestern India, currently
seriously endangered, are arguably the oldest of all Asian-Portuguese creoles. Recent documentation efforts in Cannanore and the
Cochin area have revealed a language that is strikingly similar to its substrate/adstrate Malayalam in several fundamental domains
of grammar, often contradicting previous records from the late 19th-century and the input of its main lexifier, Portuguese. In
this article, this is shown by comparing Malabar Indo-Portuguese with both Malayalam and Portuguese with respect to features in
the domains of word order (head-final syntax and harmonic syntactic patterns) and case-marking (the distribution of the oblique
case). Based on older records and certain synchronic linguistic features of the Malabar Creoles, this article proposes that the
observed isomorphism between modern Malabar Indo-Portuguese and Malayalam has to be explained as the product of either a gradual
process of convergence, or the resolution of historical competition between Dravidian-like and Portuguese-like features.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Dravidian features in Malabar Indo-Portuguese
- 2.1Head-final syntax
- 2.1.1OV word order
- 2.1.2Postposed NP-markers
- 2.1.3Structure of genitive noun phrases
- 2.1.4Clause-final adverbial subordinators
- 2.1.5Word order in comparative constructions
- 2.1.6Discussion
- 2.2The oblique case
- 2.2.1Direct objects
- 2.2.2Indirect objects
- 2.2.3Other arguments
- 2.2.4Discussion
- 3.Diachronic scenarios
- Notes
- Abbreviations
-
References
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