Cover not available
Article published In:
Language Contact with Chinese
Edited by Zhiming Bao
[Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 38:1] 2023
► pp. 135–150

Social status, contact history and the implosives in the Chinese dialects of Hainan

| Nankai University , China

The Mandarin dialects spoken in former garrison towns and the surrounding Southern Min and Cantonese dialects in the island of Hainan are affected by the voiced implosive initials of the local indigenous Kra-Dai languages in different ways. The garrison dialects with low social status developed the implosives, like the Southern Min and Cantonese dialects that pre-dated the establishment of the garrison towns. The garrison dialects with high social status did not develop the implosives, blocking the Chinese dialects that arrived later from getting them. The prestigious garrison dialects also serve as the source of loanwords for the regional Southern Min and Cantonese dialects.

Keywords: Hainan garrison dialects, language contact, history, social factors
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Yacheng Junhua and the Yazhou area
    • 2.1The plosives of Yacheng and the surrounding dialects
    • 2.2The contact history and language attitude towards Yacheng
    • 2.3The chain shift in Mai and Gangmen
    • 2.4Summary
  • 3.Basuo Junhua and the Dongfang area
    • 3.1The plosives of Basuo and the surrounding dialects
    • 3.2The contact history and language attitude of Basuo
  • 4.Zhonghe Junhua and the Danzhou area
    • 4.1The plosives of Zhonghe and the surrounding languages
    • 4.2The contact history and language attitude of Zhonghe
    • 4.3The chain shift of Zhonghe and Danzhou
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 5 May 2023
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00107.liu
References
Baxter, William Hubbard, & Laurent Sagart
2014 Old Chinese: A new reconstruction. Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ding, Bangxin 丁邦新
1986 Danzhou Cunhua 儋州村话 (Danzhou dialect). Taipei: Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Liang, Min & Junru Zhang 梁敏、张均如
1996 Dongtai yuzu gailun 侗台语族概论 (An introduction to the Kam-Tai languages). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.Google Scholar
1997 Lingaoyu yanjiu 临高语研究 (Study on Lingao language). Zhongguo Xin Faxian Yuyan Yanjiu Congshu 中国新发现语言研究丛书 (China’s Newly-Discovered Language Study Series). Shanghai: Shanghai Far East.Google Scholar
Liu, Chuntao 刘春陶
2013 Yacheng Junhua de leixing tedian jiqi xingcheng yuanyin chutan 崖城军话的类型特点及其形成原因初探 (A preliminary exploration into the typological features of Yacheng Junhua and its causes of formation). Hainan Daxue Xuebao 2013(6).70–75.Google Scholar
2021a Hainan Sanya Yacheng Junhua yuanliu yanjiu 海南三亚崖城军话源流研究 (On the origin and the evolution of Yacheng Junhua in Hainan). Tianjin: Nankai University Press.Google Scholar
2021b Hainan dao Mairen Maihua laiyuan tanxi 海南岛迈人、迈话来源探析 (On the origin of the Mai people and the Mai dialect on Hainan Island). Minzu Yuwen 2021(6).88–96.Google Scholar
Liu, Danqing 刘丹青
1995 Nanjing fangyan cidian 南京方言词典 (A dictionary of Nanjing dialect). Nanjing: Jiangsu Jiaoyu.Google Scholar
Liu, Xinzhong 刘新中
2006 Hainan Minyu de yuyin yanjiu 海南闽语的语音研究 (Study on Hainan Min dialect phonetics). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.Google Scholar
Office of Hainan Chronicles (ed)
1994 Hainan sheng zhi III, renkou zhi, fangyan zhi, zongjiao zhi 海南省志（第三卷）·人口志·方言志·宗教志 (Local chronicles of Hainan province III: demography, dialect, religion). Haikou: Nan Hai Publishing Co…Google Scholar
Ouyang, Jueya & Yiqing Zheng 欧阳觉亚、 郑贻青
1983 Liyu diaocha yanjiu 黎语调查研究 (Investigation and research on Hlai language). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.Google Scholar
Ouyang, Jueya 欧阳觉亚
1983 Liyu diaocha yanjiu 黎语调查研究 (Investigation and research on Hlai language). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.Google Scholar
1998 Cunyu yanjiu 村语研究 (Study on Cun language). Zhongguo Xin Faxian Yuyan Yanjiu Congshu 中国新发现语言研究丛书 (China’s Newly-Discovered Language Study Series). Shanghai: Shanghai Far East.Google Scholar
Qiu, Xueqiang 丘学强
2005 Junhua yanjiu 军话研究 (Study on Junhua). Beijing: Chinese Social Science Press.Google Scholar
Szonyi, Michael
2017 The Art of Being Governed: Everyday Politics in Late Imperial China. Princeton University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thurgood, Graham
1996 Language contact and the directionality of internal drift: The development of tones and registers in Chamic. Language 72(1).1–31. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Trigault, Nicolas
1957 Xiru ermu zi 西儒耳目资 (An audio-visual aid to western scholars). Beijing: Language Reform Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Futang 王福堂
2003 Hanyu fangyin zihui 汉语方音字汇 (Phonetic dictionary of Chinese dialects). Beijng: Language and Culture Press.Google Scholar
Weera, Ostapirat
2005 Kra-Dai and Austronesian: Notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution. In Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench, & Alicia Sanchez Mazas (eds.) The peopling of East Asia: Putting together archaeology, linguistics, and genetics, 107–131. London: Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
2008 The Hlai Language. In Anthony V. N. Diller, Jerold A. Edmondson & Yongxian, Luo (eds.) The Tai-Kadai Languages, 623–652. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zeng, Xiaoyu
2018 A case study of dialect contact of early Mandarin. Lingua 2081.31–43. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zhan, Bohui 詹伯慧
1959 Hainandao Junhua yuyin gaishu 海南岛军话语音概述 (An introduction of the phonology of Junhua in Hainan). In Yuyanxue Luncong 1959(3).127–149. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaoyu.Google Scholar
Zheng, Yiqing 郑贻青
1997 Huihuihua yanjiu 回辉话研究 (Study on Tsat language). Zhongguo Xin Faxian Yuyan Yanjiu Congshu 中国新发现语言研究丛书 (China’s Newly-Discovered Language Study Series). Shanghai: Shanghai Far East.Google Scholar