Evidence recently unearthed in documentary sources (such as voyage accounts and Hawaiian-language newspapers) has failed to support the theory that the predominant plantation language and lingua franca of Hawaii's polyglot population in the 19th century was an English-lexifier pidgin. Available evidence actually indicates that a pidginized variety of Hawaiian (which began to develop almost immediately after first contact) formed the original plantation language, and began to be displaced by pidgin English only in the 1880s and 1890s. This Hawaiian-lexifier pidgin also served as a general communicative medium in competition with pidgin English outside the plantation communities. Its prevalence may explain the slow development of pidgin English in Hawaii and late creolization.
2021. Accent in North American Film and Television,
Roberge, Paul T.
2020. Germanic Contact Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Germanic Linguistics, ► pp. 833 ff.
Siegel, Jeff
2020. Contact Languages of the Pacific. In The Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 741 ff.
Grant, Anthony
2016. Emanuel J. Drechsel: Language contact in the early colonial Pacific: Maritime Polynesian Pidgin before Pidgin English. Folia Linguistica 37:1 ► pp. 327 ff.
2022. Non-European Pidgins in Early European Colonial Explorations and Trade: Mobilian Jargon and Maritime Polynesian Pidgin in Contrast. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 283 ff.
Bakker, Peter
2003. Pidgin inflectional morphology and its implications for creole morphology. In Yearbook of Morphology 2002 [Yearbook of Morphology, ], ► pp. 3 ff.
No'Eau Warner, Sam L.
2001. The Movement to Revitalize Hawaiian Language and Culture. In The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice, ► pp. 133 ff.
Archibald, John, Eithne Guilfoyle & Elizabeth Ritter
1996. Functional categories in L2 acquisition: Evidence of presence is not necessarily presence of evidence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 714 ff.
Bhatt, Rakesh M. & Barbara Hancin-Bhatt
1996. Transfer in L2 grammars. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 715 ff.
Bickerton, Derek
1996. A dim monocular view of Universal-Grammar access. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 716 ff.
1996. Full access to the evidence for falsification. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 717 ff.
Bley-Vroman, Robert
1996. What we have to explain in foreign language learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 718 ff.
Borer, Hagit
1996. Access to Universal Grammar: The real issues. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 718 ff.
Carroll, Susanne E.
1996. Parameter-setting in second language acquisition – explanans and explanandum. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 720 ff.
Clahsen, Harald & Pieter Muysken
1996. How adult second language learning differs from child first language development. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 721 ff.
DeGraff, Michel
1996. UG and acquisition in pidginization and creolization. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 723 ff.
Epstein, Samuel David, Suzanne Flynn & Gita Martohardjono
1996. Universal Grammar and second language acquisition: The null hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 746 ff.
Epstein, Samuel David, Suzanne Flynn & Gita Martohardjono
1996. Second language acquisition: Theoretical and experimental issues in contemporary research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 677 ff.
Eubank, Lynn
1996. Methodological problems with Epstein, Flynn, and Martohardjono's research. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 724 ff.
Freidin, Robert
1996. Adult language acquisition and Universal Grammar. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 725 ff.
Gregg, Kevin R.
1996. UG and SLA: The access question, and how to beg it. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 726 ff.
Grewendorf, Günther
1996. Does second language grow?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 727 ff.
Hale, Ken
1996. Can UG and L1 be distinguished in L2 acquisition?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 728 ff.
Hale, Mark
1996. Competence and performance in language acquisition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 730 ff.
Harrington, Michael
1996. L2 access to UG: Now you see it, now you don't. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 731 ff.
Kanno, Kazue
1996. In support of the early presence of functional categories in second language acquisition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 732 ff.
Li, Ping
1996. Why don't L2 learners end up with uniform and perfect linguistic competence?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 733 ff.
Liceras, Juana M.
1996. To “grow” and what “to grow,” that is one question. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 734 ff.
Lieberman, Philip
1996. Universal Grammar and critical periods: A most amusing paradox. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 735 ff.
MacWhinney, Brian
1996. Language is learned. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 735 ff.
Newmeyer, Frederick J.
1996. Some incorrect implications of the fullaccess hypothesis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 736 ff.
O'Grady, William
1996. Syntactic representations and the L2 acquisition device. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 737 ff.
Otero, Carlos P.
1996. Language growth after puberty?. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 738 ff.
Schwartz, Bonnie D.
1996. Now for some facts, with a focus on development and an explicit role for the L1. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 739 ff.
Smith, M. A. Sharwood
1996. Metalinguistic ability and primary linguistic data. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 740 ff.
Sorace, Antonella
1996. On gradience and optionality in non-native grammars. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 741 ff.
Sprouse, Rex A.
1996. Appreciating the poverty of the stimulus in second language acquisition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 742 ff.
Thomas, Margaret
1996. “Full access” and the history of linguistics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 743 ff.
Torrego, Esther
1996. Towards characterizing what the L2 learner knows. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 744 ff.
Vainikka, Anne & Martha Young-Scholten
1996. Partial transfer, not partial access. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 744 ff.
White, Lydia
1996. UG, the L1, and questions of evidence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19:4 ► pp. 745 ff.
[no author supplied]
2013. Reference Guide for Varieties of English. In A Dictionary of Varieties of English, ► pp. 363 ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. Contact, Emergence, and Language Classification. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 255 ff.
[no author supplied]
2023. References. In Sounds of English Worldwide, ► pp. 354 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.