Penny Cuts

Differentiation of Creole Varieties in Trinidad, 1904-1906

Lise S. Winer | Southern Illinois University

From 1904 to 1906 a series of linked vernacular texts — purportedly written by Trinidadians and other West Indians, including Barbadians — appeared in the Trinidadian newspaper Penny Cuts. Trinidadian English Creole (TEC), a fundamentally stable and clearly creole language throughout the 19th century and well into the 20th, included several varieties, containing more and less English influence. The texts appear linguistically reliable, and show that by this time, TEC was recognizably different from other creole varieties. This differentiation is held to be closely related to the contemporary social situation, reflecting a nationalist/nativist movement towards self-identification.

Published online: 01 January 1995
https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.05win

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Cited by other publications

Avram, Andrei A.

2015. In Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [Varieties of English Around the World, G51], ► pp. 113 ff.

Avram, Andrei A.

2016. Diagnostic features of English-lexifier Creoles. English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English 37:2 ► pp. 168 ff.

Hackert, Stephanie

2019. In Keeping in Touch [Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics, 10],

Migge, Bettina

2007. Code-switching and social identities in the Eastern Maroon community of Suriname and French Guiana. Journal of Sociolinguistics 11:1 ► pp. 53 ff.

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2015. In Language Issues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [Varieties of English Around the World, G51], ► pp. 1 ff.

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2001. Review of Schneider (1997): Englishes around the world, vol. 1. General studies, British Isles, North America. Studies in honour of Manfred Görlach & Schneider (1997): Englishes around the world, vol. 2. Caribbean, Africa, Australasia. Studies in honour of Manfred Görlach. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 16:2 ► pp. 374 ff.

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