The system of empty categories in Singapore English, a contact language with an endogenous ecology, arises through the interaction of three parameters: [topic-prominence], [pro-drop], and [wh-movement]. These parameters are reset under the pressure of the languages in the contact ecology, mainly the substrate Chinese dialects, and the lexifier English. The paper adopts a holistic approach to creole genesis, in which substrate and superstrate influence is expressed in terms of parametric re-structuring constrained by principles of Universal Grammar. Surface-true substrate, superstrate, or novel features are exponents of this parametric re-structuring.
2010. Must in Singapore English. Lingua 120:7 ► pp. 1727 ff.
Cavallaro, Francesco, Bee Chin Ng & Ying‐Ying Tan
2020. Singapore English. In The Handbook of Asian Englishes, ► pp. 419 ff.
HIRAMOTO, MIE & YOSUKE SATO
2012. Got‐interrogatives and answers in Colloquial Singapore English. World Englishes 31:2 ► pp. 198 ff.
KIM, CHONGHYUCK & YOSUKE SATO
2013. More onKena‐passives in Singapore English. World Englishes 32:3 ► pp. 297 ff.
Lim, Lisa
2015. Coming of age, coming full circle: The (re)positioning of (Singapore) English and multilingualism in Singapore at 50. Asian Englishes 17:3 ► pp. 261 ff.
2017. Inertia. In The Cambridge Handbook of Historical Syntax, ► pp. 425 ff.
Sato, Yosuke
2011. Radical Pro Drop and Fusional Pronominal Morphology in Colloquial Singapore English: Reply to Neeleman and Szendrői. Linguistic Inquiry 42:2 ► pp. 356 ff.
SATO, YOSUKE
2014. Argument ellipsis in Colloquial Singapore English and the Anti-Agreement Hypothesis. Journal of Linguistics 50:2 ► pp. 365 ff.
Sato, Yosuke
2016. Remarks on the Parameters of Argument Ellipsis: A New Perspective from Colloquial Singapore English. Syntax 19:4 ► pp. 392 ff.
Sato, Yosuke & Chonghyuck Kim
2012. Radical pro drop and the role of syntactic agreement in Colloquial Singapore English. Lingua 122:8 ► pp. 858 ff.
SETOH, Peipei, Michelle CHENG, Marc H. BORNSTEIN & Gianluca ESPOSITO
2021. Contrasting lexical biases in bilingual English–Mandarin speech: Verb-biased mothers, but noun-biased toddlers. Journal of Child Language 48:6 ► pp. 1185 ff.
Soonhyuck Park
2018. Wh-questions in Singapore English Revisited. The New Korean Journal of English Lnaguage & Literature 60:1 ► pp. 207 ff.
2021. Convergence in contact grammaticalisation in Singapore English: the case of already1. TIPA. Travaux interdisciplinaires sur la parole et le langage :37
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