Article published In:
Journal of Second Language Pronunciation
Vol. 8:2 (2022) ► pp.248278
References
Abrahamsson, N.
(2012) Age of onset and nativelike L2 ultimate attainment of morphosyntactic and phonetic intuition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 34 (2), 187–214. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Abrahamsson, N., & Hyltenstam, K.
(2009) Age of onset and nativelikeness in a second language: Listener perception versus linguistic scrutiny. Language Learning, 59 (2), 249–306. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Abutalebi, J., & Clahsen, H.
(2018) Critical periods for language acquisition: New insights with particular reference to bilingualism research. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21 (5), 883–885. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Adank, P., Smits, R., & van Hout, R.
(2004) A comparison of vowel normalization procedures for language variation research. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 116 (5), 3099–3107. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baker, W., Trofimovich, P., Flege, J. E., Mack, M., & Halter, R.
(2008) Child-adult differences in second-language phonological learning: The role of cross-language similarity. Language and Speech, 51 (4), 317–342. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baker, W., Trofimovich, P., Mack, M., & Flege, J. E.
(2002) The effect of perceived phonetic similarity on non-native sound learning by children and adults. In S. A. Fisch, B. Scarabela, & A.-H. Do (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Boston University Conference on Language Development (Vol. 261, pp. 36–47). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Ballard, K. J., Robin, D. A., Woodworth, G., & Zimba, L. D.
(2001) Age-related changes in motor control during articulator visuomotor tracking. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44 (4), 763–777. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bent, T., Bradlow, A. R., & Smith, B. L.
(2007) Phonemic errors in different word positions and their effects on intelligibility of non-native speech: All’s well that begins well. In O.-S. Bohn & M. J. Munro (Eds.), Language experience in second language speech learning: In honor of James Emil Flege (pp. 331–347). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Best, C. T.
(1995) A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issue in cross-language research (pp. 171–204). Timonium, MD: York Press.Google Scholar
Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D.
(2007) Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In M. J. Munro & O.-S. Bohn (Eds.), Second language speech learning: The role of language experience in speech perception and production (pp. 13–34). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Bialystok, E.
(1997) The structure of age: In search of barriers to second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 13 (2), 116–137. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D.
(2005) Interpreting age effects in second language acquisition. In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 109–127). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
(2006) Age and second language acquisition and processing: A selective overview. Language Learning, 56 (s1), 9–49. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Birdsong, D., & Molis, M.
(2001) On the evidence for maturational constraints in second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 44 (2), 235–249. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Boersma, P., & Weenink, D.
(2021) Praat: Doing phonetics by computer [Computer program] (Version 6.1.48). Retrieved from [URL]
Bylund, E., Hyltenstam, K., & Abrahamsson, N.
(2021) Age of acquisition-not bilingualism-is the primary determinant of less than nativelike L2 ultimate attainment. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 24 (1), 18–30. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Davies, M.
(2008) The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 450 million words, 1990-present. Available online at [URL]
de Jong, K., Hao, Y.-C., & Park, H.
(2009) Evidence for featural units in the acquisition of speech production skills: Linguistic structure in foreign accent. Journal of Phonetics, 37 (4), 357–373. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeKeyser, R. M.
(2000) The robustness of critical period effects in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22 (4), 499–533. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2012) Age effects in second language learning. In S. M. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 442–460). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
(2013) Age effects in second language learning: Stepping stones toward better understanding. Language Learning, 63 (s1), 52–67. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeKeyser, R. M., Alfi-Shabtay, I., & Ravid, D.
(2010) Cross-linguistic evidence for the nature of age effects in second language acquisition. Applied Psycholinguistics, 31 (3), 413–438. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
DeKeyser, R. M., & Larson-Hall, J.
(2005) What does the critical period really mean? In J. F. Kroll & A. M. B. de Groot (Eds.), Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches (pp. 88–108). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J.
(2005) Second language accent and pronunciation teaching: A research-based approach. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 379–397. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2009) Putting accent in its place: Rethinking obstacles to communication. Language Teaching, 42 (4), 476–490. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Field, J.
(2005) Intelligibility and the listener: The role of lexical stress. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 399–423. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E.
(1995) Second-language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 233–277). Timonium, MD: York Press.Google Scholar
(1999) Age of learning and second-language speech. In D. Birdsong (Ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis (pp. 101–132). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Flege, J. E., Birdsong, D., Bialystok, E., Mack, M., Sung, H., & Tsukada, K.
(2006) Degree of foreign accent in English sentences produced by Korean children and adults. Journal of Phonetics, 34 (2), 153–175. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., & Bohn, O.-S.
(2021) The revised speech learning model (SLM-r). In R. Wayland (Ed.), Second language speech learning: Theoretical and empirical progress (pp. 3–83). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Bohn, O.-S., & Jang, S.
(1997) Effects of experience on non-native speakers’ production and perception of English vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 25 (4), 437–470. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Schirru, C., & MacKay, I. R. A.
(2003) Interaction between the native and second language phonetic subsystems. Speech Communication, 40 (4), 467–491. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Flege, J. E., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., & Liu, S.
(1999) Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 41 (1), 78–104. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Granena, G., & Long, M. H.
(2013) Age of onset, length of residence, language aptitude, and ultimate L2 attainment in three linguistic domains. Second Language Research, 29 (3), 311–343. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hakuta, K., Bialystok, E., & Wiley, E.
(2003) Critical evidence: A test of the critical-period hypothesis for second-language acquisition. Psychological Science, 14 (1), 31–38. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hardison, D. M.
(2003) Acquisition of second-language speech: Effects of visual cues, context, and talker variability. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24 (4), 495–522. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Huensch, A., & Tremblay, A.
(2015) Effects of perceptual phonetic training on the perception and production of second language syllable structure. Journal of Phonetics, 52 1, 105–120. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ingram, J. C., & Park, S.
(1997) Cross-language vowel perception and production by Japanese and Korean learners of English. Journal of Phonetics, 25 (3), 343–370. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Johnson, J. S., & Newport, E. L.
(1989) Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on the acquisition of English as a second language. Cognitive Psychology, 21 (1), 60–99. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kim, D., Clayards, M., & Kong, E. J.
(2020) Individual differences in perceptual adaptation to unfamiliar phonetic categories. Journal of Phonetics, 81 1, 100984. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Klein, W.
(1996) Language acquisition at different ages. In D. Magnusson (Ed.), The lifespan development of individuals: Behavioral, neurobiological, and psychosocial perspectives: A synthesis (pp. 88–108). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kohler, U., & Kreuter, F.
(2012) Data analysis using stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.Google Scholar
Larson-Hall, J.
(2010) A guide to doing statistics in second language research using SPSS. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lee, A. H., & Lyster, R.
(2016) Effects of different types of corrective feedback on receptive skills in a second language: A speech perception training study. Language Learning, 66 (4), 809–833. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2017) Can corrective feedback on second language speech perception errors affect production accuracy?. Applied Psycholinguistics, 38 (2), 371–393. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lee, H.
(1993) Korean. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1), 28–31. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Levis, J. M.
(2005) Changing contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 39 (3), 369–377. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B.
(1986) Phonetic universals in vowel systems. In J. J. Ohala & J. Jaeger (Eds.), Experimental phonology (pp. 13–44). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lobanov, B. M.
(1971) Classification of Russian vowels spoken by different speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49 (2B), 606–608. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L.
(2016) An A-Z of applied linguistics research methods. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Long, M. H.
(1990) Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12 (3), 251–285. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D.
(2005) Detection theory: A user’s guide (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Munro, M., & Mann, V.
(2005) Age of immersion as a predictor of foreign accent. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26 (3), 311–341. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T. M.
(2008) Segmental acquisition in adult ESL learners: A longitudinal study of vowel production. Language Learning, 58 (3), 479–502. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Munro, M. J., Flege, J. E., & MacKay, I. R.
(1996) The effects of age of second language learning on the production of English vowels. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17 (3), 313–334. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nagle, C. L.
(2021) Revisiting perception-production relationships: Exploring a new approach to investigate perception as a time-varying predictor. Language Learning, 71 (1), 243–279. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Paradis, M.
(2004) A neurolinguistic theory of bilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Peperkamp, S., & Bouchon, C.
(2011) The relation between perception and production in L2 phonological processing. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (INTERSPEECH 2011) (Vol. 11, pp. 168–171). Red Hook, NY: Curran. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Plonsky, L.
(2014) Study quality in quantitative L2 research (1990–2010): A methodological synthesis and call for reform. Modern Language Journal, 98 (1), 450–470. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pulvermüller, F., Huss, M., Kherif, F., del Prado Martin, F. M., Hauk, O., & Shtyrov, Y.
(2006) Motor cortex maps articulatory features of speech sounds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103 (20), 7865–7870. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pulvermüller, F., & Schumann, J. H.
(1994) Neurobiological mechanisms of language acquisition. Language Learning, 44 (4), 681–734. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
R Core Team
(2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from [URL]
Saito, K.
(2015) The role of age of acquisition in late second language oral proficiency attainment. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 37 (4), 713–743. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sakai, M., & Moorman, C.
(2018) Can perception training improve the production of second language phonemes? A meta-analytic review of 25 years of perception training research. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39 (1), 187–224. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Setter, J., & Jenkins, J.
(2005) State-of-the-art review article: Pronunciation. Language Teaching, 38 (1), 1–17. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Smith, A., & Goffman, L.
(1998) Stability and patterning of speech movement sequences in children and adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41 (1), 18–30. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N.
(1999) Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31 (1), 137–149. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Strange, W., & Shafer, V. L.
(2008) Speech perception in second language learners: The re-education of selective perception. In J. G. H. Edwards & M. L. Zampini (Eds.), Phonology and second language acquisition (pp. 153–191). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Thomson, R. I.
(2011) Computer assisted pronunciation training: Targeting second language vowel perception improves pronunciation. CALICO Journal, 28 (3), 744–765. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
(2022) The relationship between L2 speech perception and production. In T. M. Derwing, M. J. Munro, & R. I. Thomson (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and speaking (pp. 372–385). New York, NY: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Tsukada, K., Birdsong, D., Bialystok, E., Mack, M., Sung, H., & Flege, J. E.
(2005) A developmental study of English vowel production and perception by native Korean adults and children. Journal of Phonetics, 33 (3), 263–290. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Walley, A. C., & Flege, J. E.
(1999) Effect of lexical status on children’s and adults’ perception of native and non-native vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3), 307–332. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y., Jongman, A., & Sereno, J. A.
(2003) Acoustic and perceptual evaluation of Mandarin tone productions before and after perceptual training. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113 (2), 1033–1043. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Werker, J. F., & Logan, J. S.
(1985) Cross-language evidence for three factors in speech perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 37 (1), 35–44. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Yates, L., & Kozar, O.
(2017) Expanding the horizons of age-related research: A response to the special issue ‘Complexities and interactions of age in second language learning: Broadening the research agenda’. Applied Linguistics, 38 (2), 258–262. DOI logoGoogle Scholar