This study tested 14 school-age orally-trained children with hearing impairment who have a deficit in A-bar movement, manifested in an impaired comprehension of object relatives and topicalization structures. When they produce a grammatical object relative clause, they typically produce it with a resumptive pronoun, unlike their age-matched controls, who tend to produce object relatives with a gap. They also produce resumptive pronouns where only a gap is licit, in the highest embedded subject position in subject relatives. We interpret these results as supporting the claim that resumptive pronouns are a last resort when movement is blocked, not only because of islands in intact syntax, but also due to impairment. The participants also doubled the relative head in both subject- and object-relatives, producing ungrammatical sentences. The bearing of these errors on the copy theory of movement is discussed.
Hoffmeister, Robert, Jon Henner, Catherine Caldwell-Harris & Rama Novogrodsky
2021. Deaf Children’s ASL Vocabulary and ASL Syntax Knowledge Supports English Knowledge. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 27:1 ► pp. 37 ff.
2020. Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism. Aphasiology 34:3 ► pp. 343 ff.
Levy, Hagar & Naama Friedmann
2009. Treatment of syntactic movement in syntactic SLI: A case study. First Language 29:1 ► pp. 15 ff.
Meltzer-Asscher, Aya
2021. Resumptive Pronouns in Language Comprehension and Production. Annual Review of Linguistics 7:1 ► pp. 177 ff.
Novogrodsky, Rama, Nardeen Maalouf-Zraik & Irit Meir
2022. Children with Hearing Impairment in a Diglossic Context – The Case of Palestinian-Arabic Speaking Children. In Handbook of Literacy in Diglossia and in Dialectal Contexts [Literacy Studies, 22], ► pp. 405 ff.
Novogrodsky, Rama & Natalia Meir
2020. Multilingual Children with Special Needs in Early Education. In Handbook of Early Language Education [Springer International Handbooks of Education, ], ► pp. 1 ff.
Novogrodsky, Rama & Natalia Meir
2022. Multilingual Children with Special Needs in Early Education. In Handbook of Early Language Education [Springer International Handbooks of Education, ], ► pp. 669 ff.
Novogrodsky, Rama, Natalia Meir & Rachel Michael
2018. Morphosyntactic abilities of toddlers with hearing impairment and normal hearing: evidence from a sentence‐repetition task. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 53:4 ► pp. 811 ff.
Novogrodsky, Rama, Rose Stamp & Sabrin Shaban-Rabah
2017. A Deficit in Movement-Derived Sentences in German-Speaking Hearing-Impaired Children. Frontiers in Psychology 8
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