Most agreement systems target a grammatical entity within the sentence, typically the subject but in some cases the object or the dative. There is another kind of agreement found in languages such as Souletin, a Basque dialect, that targets the hearer. I will look at this type of so-called allocutive agreement and pursue two main issues. First, although it targets the hearer, the form of the agreement is the same as the regular phi-feature agreement used for subject/object. This means that the allocutive agreement must be part of a probe-goal relation, leading to the question, where is the goal? I argue that something like Ross’s Performative Analysis furnishes the second-person goal. Second, the distribution of the allocutive agreement is essentially the same as the politeness marking on the verb in Japanese, which leads to the hypothesis that, despite Japanese being characterized as a typical agreementless language, the politeness marker is, in fact, an implementation of second-person agreement. Moreover, this allocutive agreement in Japanese has a distribution that limits it to the root clause as originally conceived by Emonds (1969).
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Ambar, Manuela
2014. Yes-No Questions, Subjects, Adverbs, and the Left Periphery: New Evidence from Portuguese1. In Language Use and Linguistic Structure, ► pp. 15 ff.
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2024. Clause types, intonation and stranded embedded clauses. Journal of Linguistics 60:1 ► pp. 51 ff.
Archibald, John
2024. Phonology in Multilingual Grammars,
Archibald, John & Nicole Croteau
2021. Acquisition of L2 Japanese WH questions: Evidence of phonological contiguity and non-shallow structures. Second Language Research 37:4 ► pp. 649 ff.
Baker, Mark C.
2022. Agree without agreement in object clitic doubling constructions. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 27 ff.
Bayer, Josef & Probal Dasgupta
2016. Emphatic Topicalization and the Structure of the Left Periphery: Evidence from German and Bangla. Syntax 19:4 ► pp. 309 ff.
Bhadra, Diti
2020. The Semantics of Evidentials in Questions. Journal of Semantics 37:3 ► pp. 367 ff.
Bhattacharya, Tanmoy & Jyoti Sharma
2022. A morphosyntactic account of agreement in Mara. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 84 ff.
Biberauer, Theresa, Liliane Haegeman & Ans van Kemenade
2014. Putting our heads together: towards a syntax of particles. Studia Linguistica 68:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Carstens, Vicki
2022. Addressee agreement and clitic raising in Kiunguja Swahili. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 56 ff.
Chang, Chen-An
2022. Self-addressed questions and honorifications: The case of Japanese daroo-ka/desyoo-ka. Acta Linguistica Academica 69:1 ► pp. 74 ff.
2022. Utterances without commitment. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 203 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. The Grammar of the Utterance,
Corr, Alice
2022. Doing things with utterance grammar. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 135 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. Vocatives. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 51 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. A grammar for the utterance. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 15 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. The grammar of dialogue. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 251 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. Conclusions. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 299 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. The expression of affect. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 157 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. Introduction. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 1 ff.
Corr, Alice
2022. Interjections and particles. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. 99 ff.
De Cia, Simone
2022. Topicality and object–past participle agreement in Friulian. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 295 ff.
Devos, Maud & Rozenn Guérois
2022. Micro-variation in object marking in North Mozambican Bantu languages. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 164 ff.
Dohi, Atsushi
2021. A formal approach to role language: sentence-final particles and the speaker-hearer link. Journal of Japanese Linguistics 37:2 ► pp. 203 ff.
Eckardt, Regine & Eva Csipak
2021. The Explicated Addressee: A (Mainly) Pragmatic Account of Japanese ka-Questions. In New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence [Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12758], ► pp. 50 ff.
LÉGER, Catherine, Marcus LUNGUINHO & Patrícia RODRIGUES
2021. VER EM FRANCÊS ACADIANO E PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: CODIFICAÇÃO DE IMPERATIVO E SALIÊNCIA TEXTUAL. Alfa: Revista de Linguística (São José do Rio Preto) 65
Milković, Marina & Ronnie Wilbur
2022. Agreement marking in Croatian Sign Language. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 195 ff.
Miyagawa, Shigeru
2018. Strong and weak pronouns in the covert system of pronouns. Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34:2 ► pp. 281 ff.
2020. The Structure of Split Questions in Mandarin Chinese. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41:1 ► pp. 1 ff.
Willer-Gold, Jana
2022. Introduction. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 1 ff.
Willer-Gold, Jana & Anita Peti-Stantić
2022. A multiple-agreement approach to auxiliary clitic drop in Croatian. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. 263 ff.
Yamada, Akitaka
2021. Dissertation Abstract: The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of Japanese Addressee-Honorific Markers. KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 35:3-4 ► pp. 385 ff.
Yamada, Akitaka
2023. Honorificity. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Morphology, ► pp. 1 ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. List of Abbreviations. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. xi ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. List of abbreviations. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. viii ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. General preface. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. vii ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. Copyright Page. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. Copyright Page. In Angles of Object Agreement, ► pp. iv ff.
[no author supplied]
2022. General Preface. In The Grammar of the Utterance, ► pp. vii ff.
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