Agreement and verb types in Kutchi Gujarati
This paper explores the φ-agreement system in Kutchi Gujarati, focusing on canonical transitive cases and on non-canonical cases involving psych predicates and modal auxiliaries. Based on the agreement pattern in the future perfect, we argue that φ-agreement in Kutchi Gujarati involves two agreement probes, a higher (number/person) probe in T, and a lower (gender/number) probe in the v/Asp area. After showing how such a system derives the split-ergative agreement pattern in canonical transitive constructions (Section 2), we extend our analysis to other types of verbs, specifically to psych predicates (such as gam ‘like’) and to constructions that involve modal auxiliaries (such as par ‘have to’), both of which require a dative-marked subject (Section 3).
References
Baker, Mark
2008
The Syntax of Agreement and Concord
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Bhatt, Rajesh
2005 Long distance agreement in Hindi-Urdu.
Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
23: 757–807.


Bhatt, Rajesh & Walkow, Martin
2013 Locating agreement in grammar: An argument from agreement in conjunctions.
Natural Language & Linguistic Theory
31: 951–1013.


Bjorkman, Bronwyn
2011 BE-ing Default: the Morphosyntax of Auxiliaries. PhD dissertation, MIT.

Bobaljik, Jonathan
1993 On ergativity and ergative unergatives. In
Papers on Case and Agreement II. MITWPL
volume 19,
Colin Phillips (ed.), 45–88. Cambridge, MA: MITWPL.

Bobaljik, Jonathan
2008 Where’s Phi? agreement as a post-syntactic operation. In
Phi-Theory: Phi Features across Interfaces and Modules
,
Daniel Harbour,
David Adger &
Susana Béjar (eds), 295–328. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bobaljik, Jonathan & Wurmbrand, Susanne
2003 Long distance object agreement, restructuring and anti-reconstruction. In
Proceedings of the North Eastern Linguistics Society Annual Meeting 33 (NELS 33)
,
Makoto Kadowaki &
Shigeto Kawahara (eds), 67–86. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, GLSA.

Butt, Miriam & Ahmed, Tafseer
2011 The redevelopment of Indo-Aryan case systems from a lexical semantic perspective.
Morphology
21: 545–572.


Butt, Miriam
2012 From spatial to subject marker. Handout for
Workshop on Non-Canonically Case-Marked Subjects
.
Butt, Miriam
1995
The Structure of Complex Predicates in Urdu
. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Cardona, George
1965
A Gujarati Reference Grammar
. Philadelphia: The University of Pennsylvania Press.

Chandra, Pritha
2007 (
Dis)Agree: Movement and Agreement Reconsidered. PhD Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park.

Chomsky, Noam
1957
Syntactic Structures
. The Hague: Mouton.

Chomsky, Noam
2001 Derivation by phase. In
Ken Hale: A Life in Language
,
Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chomsky, Noam
2004 Beyond explanatory adequacy. In
Structures and Beyond. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures
,
Adriana Belletti (ed.), 104–131. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cinque, Guglielmo
2004 “Restructuring” and functional structure. In
Structures and Beyond. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures
,
Adriana Belletti (ed.), 132–191. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Coon, Jessica & Preminger, Omer
2011 Towards a unified account of person splits. In
Proceedings of 29th
West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL 29)
, 310–318. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.

Coon, Jessica
2013 TAM split ergativity, Part I.
Language and Linguistics Compass
7: 171–190.


D’Alessandro, Roberta
2011 Agreement, Ergativity, and the Parameterization of Probes. Ms. Leiden University.

Dahl, Östen & Velupillai, Viveka
2011 The past tense. In
The World Atlas of Language Structures Online
,
Matthew S. Dryer &
Martin Haspelmath (eds). Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, Chapter 66,
[URL] (
[URL]).

Desai, Usha & Ramsay-Brijball, Malini
2004 Tracing Gujarati language development philologically and sociolinguistically.
Alternation
11: 308–324.

Dixon, R.M.W
1994
Ergativity
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Grosz, Patrick & Patel-Grosz, Pritty
2013 Structural Asymmetries. The View from Kutchi Gujarati and Marwari. Handout for
GLOW 36
, Lund University.

Iatridou, Sabine, Anagnostopoulou, Elena & Izvorski, Roumyana
2003 Observations about the form and meaning of the Perfect. In
Perfect Explorations
,
Artemis Alexiadou,
Monika Rathert &
Arnim von Stechow (eds), 153–204. Berlin: de Gruyter.


Kachru, Yamuna
2006
Hindi
. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


Laka, Itziar
1993 Unergatives that assign ergative, unaccusatives that assign accusative. In
Papers on Case and Agreement I. MITWPL
volume 18,
Jonathan Bobaljik &
Colin Phillips (eds), 149–172. Cambridge, MA: MITWPL.

Magier, David S
1983a Topics in the Grammar of Marwari. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.

Magier, David S
1983b Components of Ergativity in Marwari.
CLS 19. Papers from the 19th Regional Meeting
, 244–255. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society.

Mistry, P. J
1997 Objecthood and specificity in Gujarati. In
The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright
,
J. Hill,
P. J. Mistry &
L. Campbell (eds), 425–442. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Pesetsky, David
1991 Zero Syntax: Vol. 2: Infinitives. Ms., MIT.

Pesetsky, David
1996
Zero Syntax
. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Ramchand, Gillian
2008a
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


Ramchand, Gillian
2008b Lexical Items in Complex Predications: Selection as Underassociation.
Nordlyd, Tromsø Working Papers in Linguistics
.

Ramchand, Gillian
2012 Indexical vs. Anaphoric Modals. Ms. University of Tromsø/CASTL.

Rezac, Milan
2003 The fine structure of cyclic agree.
Syntax
6: 156–182.


Rezac, Milan
2008a Phi-agree and theta-related case. In
Phi Theory: Phi-Features across Modules and Interfaces
,
Daniel Harbour,
David Adger &
Susana Bejar (eds), 83–129. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Rezac, Milan
2008b The syntax of eccentric agreement: The person case constraint and absolutive displacement in Basque.
Natural Language and Linguistic Theory
26: 61–106.


Tessitori, Luigi
1913 On the origin of the dative and genitive postpositions in Gujarati and Marwari.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
45: 553–567.


Tessitori, Luigi
1914–16 Notes on the grammar of the Old Western Rajasthani with special reference to Apabhramsa and to Gujarati and Marwari.
The Indian Antiquary
volumes 43–45.

Woolford, Ellen
2006 Lexical case, inherent case, and argument structure.
Linguistic Inquiry
37: 111–130.


Wurmbrand, Susi
2001
Infinitives: Restructuring and Clause Structure
. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Wurmbrand, Susi
2004 Two types of restructuring – lexical vs. functional.
Lingua
114: 991–1014.


Cited by
Cited by 6 other publications
Irimia, Monica Alexandrina
2021.
Oblique differential object marking and types of nominals.
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66:4
► pp. 486 ff.

Keine, Stefan, Trupti Nisar & Rajesh Bhatt
Manzini, M. Rita & Ludovico Franco
Murugesan, Gurujegan
2022.
Deriving the anaphor–agreement effect and the violations of it.
Syntax 25:1
► pp. 39 ff.

Norris, Mark
2017.
Description and analyses of nominal concord (Pt II).
Language and Linguistics Compass 11:11

Rudnev, Pavel
2020.
Agreeing Adpositions in Avar and The Directionality-of-Valuation Debate.
Linguistic Inquiry 51:4
► pp. 829 ff.

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 11 march 2023. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.