Spanish participial adjectives and individual-level/stage-level interpretations in nominals
This article addresses the well-known restriction on stage-level readings of pre-nominal predicative adjectives in Spanish. We argue that this restriction is due to a structural difference between ‘direct modifiers’ and ‘indirect modifiers’ as has been previously proposed in the literature (Demonte 1999; Cinque 2010). New evidence for such a distinction is introduced, based on the contrasting behavior of two classes of deverbal adjectives: se-inchoatives versus ‘perfective’ participial adjectives.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Structure of DP and Pre-nominal / post-nominal adjectives
- 3.Individual-Level and Stage-Level readings of adjectives
- 4.Participial adjectives
- 4.1Structure of deverbal participial adjectives
- 4.2Perfective participles
- 4.3Inchoative participles
- 4.4Summary
- 5.Distribution of inchoative and perfective participial adjectives
- 5.1Copular sentences
- 5.1.1Inchoative participles
- 5.1.2Perfective participles
- 5.2Pre-nominal (direct) modification
- 6.Conclusions
-
Acknowledgements
-
Notes
-
References
References (40)
References
Alojvić, Nadira. 2010. Syntactic positions of attributive adjectives. In Adjectives – Formal Analyses in Syntax and Semantics [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 153], Patricia Cabredo-Hofherr & Ora Matushansky (eds), 29–51. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bernstein, Judy B. 1993. Topics in the Syntax of Nominal Structure Across Romance. PhD dissertation, CUNY.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bernstein, Judy B. 2001. Focusing the ‘right’ way in Romance determiner phrases. Probus 13: 1–29. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bolinger, Dwight. 1967. Adjectives in English: Attribution and predication. Lingua 18: 1–34. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bosque, Ignacio. 1999. El sintagma adjetival. Modificadores y complementos del adjetivo, adverbio y participio. In Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, Vol. 1, Ignacio Bosque & Violeta Demonte (eds), 217–310. Madrid: Espasa.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bouchard, Denis. 1998. The distribution and interpretation of adjectives in French: A consequence of bare phrase structure. Probus 10: 139–184. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Bouchard, Denis. 2002. Adjectives, Numbers and Interfaces. Amsterdam: North Holland.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brucart, José María. 2010. La alternancia ser/estar y las construcciones atributivas de localización. In Actas del V Encuentro de Gramática Generativa, Alicia Avellana (ed.), 115–152. Neuquén: Editorial Universitaria del Comahue.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Brucart, José María. 2012. Copular alternations in Spanish and Catalan attributive sentences. Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 7: 9–43.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Camacho, José. 2012. Ser and Estar: The individual/stage-level distinction and aspectual predication. In The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics, José Ignacio Hualde, Antxon Olarrea & Erin O’Rourke (eds), 453–475. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cinque, Guglielmo. 2010. The Syntax of Adjectives: A Comparative Study. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Contreras, Heles. 1981. The case for base-generated attributive adjectives in Spanish. In Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages 9, William W. Cressey & Donna Jo Napoli (eds), 147–163. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Demonte, Violeta. 2008. Meaning-form correlations and adjective position in Spanish. In Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 19], Louise McNally & Cristopher Kennedy (eds), 71–100. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fábregas, Antonio. 2012. A guide to IL and AL in Spanish: Properties, problems and proposals. Borealis: An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 1(2): 1–71. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Fernández Leborans, María J. 1999. La predicación: Las oraciones copulativas. In Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, I. Bosque & Violeta Demonte (eds.), 22.357–22.460. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gallego, Ángel J. & Uriagereka, Juan. 2016. Borealis–An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics, 5(1), 123–156. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gehrke, Berit. 2015. Adjectival participles, event kind modification and pseudo-incorporation. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 33(3): 897–938. Special issue on Degree Modification, Berit Gehrke & Elena Castroviejo (eds). ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Gumiel-Molina, Silvia, Moreno-Quibén, Norberto & Pérez-Jiménez, Isabel. 2015. Comparison classes and the relative/absolute distinction: a degree-based compositional account of the ser/estar alternation in Spanish. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 33(3): 955–1.001. Special issue on Degree Modification, Berit Gehrke & Elena Castroviejo (eds). ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Hale, Kenneth. 1986. Notes on world view and semantic categories: Some Warlpiri examples. In Features and Projections, Pieter Muysken & Henk C. van Riemsdijk (eds), 233–254. Dordrecht: Foris. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Jiménez-Fernández, Angel. 2012. What information structure tells us about the individual/stage-level predicates. Borealis 1(1): 1–32. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kennedy, Christopher & Levin, Beth. 2008. Measure of change: The adjectival core of degree achievements. In Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 19], Louise McNally & Cristopher Kennedy (eds), 156–182. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Kennedy, Christopher & McNally, Louise. 2005. Scale structure, degree modification and the semantic typology of gradable predicates. Language 81: 345–381. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Larson, Richard K. 1998. Events and modification in nominals. In Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory 12, Devon Strolovitch & Aaron Lawson (eds), 145–168. Ithaca NY: CLC Publications.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Larson, Richard K. & Takahashi, Naoko. 2007. Order and interpretation in prenominal relative clauses. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics 2 [MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 54], Meltem Kelepir & Belkiz Öztürk (eds), 101–120. Cambridge MA: Department of Linguistics, MIT.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Luján, Marta. 1981. The Spanish copulas as aspectual indicators. Lingua 54: 165–210. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mangialavori, Maria Eugenia. 2012. Conciliating states and locations: Towards a more comprehensive and in-depth account of the Spanish copula estar
. Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 6(1): 37–77.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Mangialavori, Maria Eugenia. 2013. Not always a stage: Aypical patterns in Spanish copular clauses. Iberia: An International Journal of Theoretical Linguistics 5(2): 1–37.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marín, Rafael. 2004. Entre Ser y Estar. Madrid: Arco/Libros.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marín, Rafael. 2010. Spanish adjectives within bounds. In Adjectives: Patricia Cabredo Hofherr & Ora MatushanshyFormal Analyses in Syntax and Semantics [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 153], (eds), 307–332. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Marín, Rafael & McNally, Louise. 2011. Inchoativity, change of state, and telicity: Evidence from Spanish reflexive psychological verbs. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 29: 467–502. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
McNally, Louise & Kennedy, Christopher. 2008. Introduction. In Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 19], Louise McNally & Cristopher Kennedy (eds), 1–15. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Picallo, M. Carme. 2012. Structure of the noun phrase. In The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics, José Ignacio Hualde, Antxon Olarrea & Erin O’Rourke (eds), 263–283. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Romeu, Juan. 2015.
Ser, estar and two different modifiers. In New Perspectives on the Study of Ser and Estar [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 5], Isabel Pérez-Jiménez, Manuel Leonetti & Silvia Gumiel-Molina (eds), 51–83. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Svenonius, Peter. 2008. The position of adjectives and other phrasal modifiers in the decomposition of DP. In Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics and Discourse [Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 19], Louise McNally & Cristopher Kennedy (eds), 16–42. Oxford: OUP.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Ticio, M. Emma. 2010. Locality Domains in the Spanish Determiner Phrase. Dordrecht: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Travis, Lisa. 2010. Inner Aspect: The Articulation of VP. Dordrecht: Springer. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zagona, Karen. 2012. “Ser and estar: Phrase structure and aspect. In Building a Bridge Between Linguistic Communities of the Old and the New World [Cahiers Chronos 8], Chiyo Nishida & Cinzia Russi (eds), 303–327. Amsterdam: Rodopi.![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Zagona, Karen. 2015. Location and the ser/estar alternation. In New Perspectives on the Study of Ser and Estar [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 5], Isabel Pérez-Jiménez, Manuel Leonetti & Silvia Gumiel-Molina (eds), 147–172. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ![DOI logo](https://benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
![Google Scholar](https://benjamins.com/logos/google-scholar.svg)
Cited by (1)
Cited by one other publication
Zagona, Karen & Heles Contreras
2019.
Classifier Phrase as Host for Stage-Level Spanish Adnominal Participial Adjectives. In
Contributions of Romance Languages to Current Linguistic Theory [
Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 95],
► pp. 13 ff.
![DOI logo](//benjamins.com/logos/doi-logo.svg)
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 15 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.