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Part of
Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology
Edited by Bridget D. Samuels
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 241] 2017
► pp. 191–218

Chapter 8
Are there brain bases for phonological markedness?

| Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics
Pursuing the question of whether there are brain bases for phonological markedness necessitates an empirical and testable approach. This approach – put forward in this chapter – is couched in a theory of phonological feature specification and tested with brain imaging methods, with an emphasis on electrophysiology, encompassing electro- and magnetoencephalographic experiments. After sketching the theoretical background and introducing the basics of the reported brain measures, the chapter contains a review of some electrophysiological findings with their re-interpretation from the point of view of phonological markedness. Furthermore, the feature-approach is contrasted with a proposed reduction of phonological markedness to frequency-of-occurrence relations. Altogether, the review provides some important suggestions and starting points for further looking into the neurobiological reality of phonological markedness.
Keywords: phonological features, underspecification, speech perception, brain imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, Mismatch Negativity, phoneme frequency
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Some thoughts about the scope of markedness
  • 3.Some notions about brain bases and how they can be measured
    • 3.1fMRI studies
    • 3.2EEG studies
    • 3.3Stimulation studies
  • 4.Linking markedness and the brain
    • 4.1Markedness and perceptual asymmetries: The case of underspecification
      • 4.1.1General assumptions
      • 4.1.2Asymmetries in EEG responses
      • 4.1.3An underspecification account of MMN asymmetries
      • 4.1.4Alternative accounts: Do they fare better?
      • 4.1.5Markedness and Predictive Coding
    • 4.2Markedness and co-occurrence constraints
    • 4.3Phonological markedness in relation to morphological markedness
  • 5.Conclusions
  • References
Published online: 16 November 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.241.08sch
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