The adjective adverb interface is crucial for the analysis of adverbial modifiers: adjectives are used with adverbial function (Type A), adjectives are morphologically marked as adverbs (Type B) and adverbial paraphrases often contain adjectives (Type C). In the same ‘local context’ of VP, Type A, B and C may activate similar functions (to speak different/differently/in a different way) or different functions (to shine red/*redly). However, even in the group with similar functions, register (formal/informal) and code (oral/written) account for variationist differences. The inflection vs. derivation debate for Type B adverbs and the recent discussion on ‘adverbial agreement’ adds more possible interfaces. This article provides a critical synthesis of these interfaces.
Article outline
1.Introduction: Adjective or adverb?
2.Typology and variation
2.1Attributive modification
2.2Combining typology and variation
2.3Parts of speech and syntax
3.Type A
3.1Pan-Romanic usage and oral tradition
3.2Latin
3.3The polyfunctionality of Type A
4.Type B
4.1-mente as a correlate of standardization
4.2Type B in Latin
5.Type C
6.Type D
7.Adverbial inflection and adverbial agreement
7.1Adverbial inflection
7.2Adverbial agreement
8.The expansion of attributive modification to peripheral functions
2013Deutsche Syntax im Sprachenvergleich. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.
Alexiadou, Artemis
2013Adverbial and adjectival modification. In The Cambridge Handbook of Generative Syntax, Marcel den Dikken (ed.), 458–484. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baker, Mark C.
2003Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bally, Charles
1965Linguistique générale et linguistique française, 4th edn. Berne: Francke.
Broccias, Cristiano
2011Motivating the flexibility of oriented -ly adverbs. In Motivation in Grammar and the Lexicon [Human Cognitive Processing 27], Klaus-Uwe Panther & Günter Radden (eds), 71–87. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chircu, Adrian
2008L’adverbe dans les langues romanes. Cluj Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă.
Chircu, Adrian
2011Dinamica adverbului românesc. Ieri şi azi. Cluj Napoca: Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă.
Cinque, Guglielmo
1999Adverbs and Functional Heads. Oxford: OUP.
Cinque, Guglielmo
2004Issues in adverbial syntax. Lingua 114: 683–710.
Company Company, Concepción
2012Condicionamientos textuales en la evolución de los adverbios en -mente. Revista de Filología Española 92: 9–42.
Company Company, Concepción
2014Adverbios en -mente. In Sintaxis histórica de la lengua española, Part III, Concepción Company Company (ed.), 457–611. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Company Company, Concepción
(ed)2014Sintaxis histórica de la lengua española, Part III. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Croft, William
1990Typology and Universals. Cambridge: CUP.
Croft, William
2001Radical Construction Grammar. Oxford: OUP.
Cruschina, Silvio
2010Aspetti morfologici e sintattici degli avverbi in siciliano. Caderni di Lavoro ASIt 11: 21–42.
Crystal, David
2008A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th edn. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Dal, Georgette
2007Les adverbes de manière en -ment du français: Dérivation ou flexion? In Morphologie à Toulouse, Nabil Hathout & Fabio Montermini (eds), 121–147. Munich: Lincom.
de Dardel, Robert
1995Le protoroman comme héritier de l’indo-européen (à propos de la construction clamare altum
). In Latin vulgaire – latin tardif IV, Louis Callebat (ed.), 21–28. Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann.
de Dardel, Robert
2009La morphosyntaxe de l’adjectif-adverbe en protoroman. Vox Romanica 68: 1–22.
2002Morphologie und Distribution. Zur Morphosyntax von Adjektiv und Adverb im Deutschen. In Das Adverb – Zentrum und Peripherie einer Wortklasse, Frederike Schmöe (ed.), 61–76. Wien: Präsens.
Erdmann, Peter
1997Supplementive adjective clauses in English. In Language history and linguistic modeling, Vol. 2: Linguistic modeling, Raymond Hickey & Stanislaw Puppel (eds), 1433–1451. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Fábregas, Antonio
2014Adjectival and adverbial derivation. In The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology, Rochelle Lieber & Pavol Štekauer (eds), 276–295. Oxford: OUP.
Fernández-Ordóñez, Inés
2015Mucha trabajo: Sincretismo femenino en los cuantificadores evaluativos de Cantabria. In Studium grammaticae. Homenaje al profesor José A. Martínez, Departamento de filología española (ed), 337–349. Oviedo: Universidad de Oviedo.
Fortson IV, Benjamin W.
2004Indo-European Language and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.
Frey, Werner
2003Syntactic conditions on adjuncts classes. In Modifying Adjuncts, Cathrine Fabricius-Hansen, Ewald Lang & Claudia Maienborn (eds), 163–209. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Fuentes Rodríguez, Catalina
2001Los marcadores del discurso, ¿una categoría gramatical? In Indagaciones sobre la lengua. Estudios de filología y lingüística españolas en memoria de Emilio Alarcos, Elena Méndez García de Paredes, Josefa Mendoza Abreu & Yolanda Congosto Martín (eds), 323–348. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla.
García-Page Sánchez, Mario
2008Introducción a la fraseología española. Barcelona: Anthropos.
García-Page Sánchez, Mario
2014Relaciones entre la morfología y la fraseología. In Fraseología y paremiología: Enfoques y aplicaciones, Vanda Durante (ed), 11–22. Madrid: Instituto Cervantes.
Giegerich, Heinz
2012The morphology of -ly and the categorial status of ‘adverbs’ in English. English Language and Linguistics 16(3): 341–359.
Glatigny, Michel
2005L’éternel retour des adverbes en -ment. XVIe– XXe siècle. In L’adverbe: un pervers polymorphe, Jan Goes (ed.), 43–67. Arras: Artois Presses Université.
Goes, Jan
1999L’adjectif. Paris: Duculot.
Goes, Jan
(ed.)2005L’adverbe: un pervers polymorphe. Arras: Artois Presses Université.
Guimier, Claude
1985On the origin of the suffix -ly. In Historical Semantics. Historical Word-formation, Jacek Fisiak (ed.), 155–170. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Haspelmath, Martin
1996Word-class-changing inflection and morphological theory. In Yearbook of Morphology 1995, Geert Booij & Jaap van Marle (eds), 43–66. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Hengeveld, Kees
1992Non-verbal Predication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Hengeveld, Kees, Rijkhoff, Jan & Siewierska, Anna
2004Parts-of-speech systems and word order. Journal of Linguistics 40(3): 527–570.
Hengeveld, Kees & van Lier, Eva
2010An implicational map of parts of speech. Linguistic Discovery 8: 129–156.
Hummel, Martin
2000Adverbale und adverbialisierte Adjektive im Spanischen. Tübingen: Narr.
Hummel, Martin
2013aAttribution in Romance: Reconstructing the oral and written tradition. Folia Linguistica Historica 34: 1–42.
Hummel, Martin
2013bSincronía y diacronía de los llamados adjetivos adverbializados y de los adverbios en -mente. Anuario de Letras. Lingüística y Filología (UNAM) 1(2): 215–281.
Hummel, Martin
2013cLa dimensión intercultural de la expansión diacrónica de los adverbios en -mente. In Los adverbios con función discursiva. Procesos de formación y evolución, María Pilar Garcés Gómez (ed), 5–41. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.
2014bLos adjetivos adverbiales. In Sintaxis histórica de la lengua española, Part III, Concepción Company Company (ed.), 613–731. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Hummel, Martin
2015Los adverbios flexionados. In El discurso de la gramática, Carmen Galán Rodríguez, María Luisa Montero Curiel, José Carlos Martín Camacho & María Isabel Rodríguez Ponce (eds), 205–233. Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura.
Hummel, Martin
In print a. Éléments d’une diachronie grammaticographique de l’adverbe français. Accompagnés de trois méthodes pour mesurer son effet sur l’usage. Romanische Forschungen.
Hummel, Martin
In print b. Existe a concordância adverbial no português brasileiro? Considerações acerca de vamos diretos, todas contentes, bastantes grandes, muitas boas. In Funcionalismo linguístico – vertentes e diálogos, Mariangela Rios de Oliveira & Maria Maura Cezario eds Rio de Janeiro Eduff
Hummel, Martin
In print c. Baseline elaboration at the adjective-adverb interface in French (and English).
Hummel, Martin
In print d. L’accord adverbial en français. In Cadrage sur la variation, le changement lexical et le changement grammatical en français actuel. Special issue of Revue de sémantique et pragmatique.
Hummel, Martin
Submitted. Romance sentence adverbs in -mente: epistemic mitigation in synchrony and diachrony.
Hummel, Martin & Kröll, Andrea
2015Vite et vitement. Revue de Linguistique Romane 79: 39–91.
Hummel, Martin & Stiegler, Karin
2005Dictionnaire historique de l’adjectif-adverbe. Database. [URL].
Hüning, Matthias & Booij, Geert
2014From compounding to derivation. The emergence of derivational affixes through ‘constructionalization’. Folia Linguistica 48(2): 579–604.
Jespersen, Otto
1992[1924]The Philosophy of Grammar. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
Karlsson, Keith E.
1981Syntax and Affixation. The Evolution of MENTE in Latin and Romance. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Kaul de Marlangeon, Silvia
2002Los adverbios en -mente del español y su funcíon semántica de cuantificación. Madrid & Frankfurt: Iberoamericana & Vervuert.
Klein, Hans-Wilhelm
1973Courageusement – avec courage. Observations sur la structure de l’adverbe en français. Travaux de Linguistique et de Littérature 11: 407–414.
Kloss, Heinz
1967‘Abstand languages’ and ‘Ausbau languages’. Anthropological Linguistics 9: 29–41.
Kluge, Bettina
2005Identitätskonstitution im Gespräch: südchilenische Migrantinnen in Santiago de Chile. Frankfurt & Madrid: Vervuert & Iberoamericana.
Kortschak, Carmen & Hummel, Martin
In print. Los adverbios en -mente en el español hablado peninsular y mexicano: registros formal e informal. Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica.
Langacker, Ronald W.
2008Cognitive Grammar. Oxford: OUP.
Lapesa, Rafael
2000Sobre el adjetivo complementario circunstancial. In Estudios de morfosintaxis histórica del español, vol. 1, Rafael Lapesa (ed.), 272–287. Madrid: Gredos.
Lausberg, Heinrich
1972Romanische Sprachwissenschaft, Vol. 3. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Ledgeway, Adam
2011Adverb agreement and split intransitivity: Evidence from Southern Italy. Archivio Glottologico Italiano 96: 31–66.
Löfstedt, Bengt
1967Bemerkungen zum Adverb im Lateinischen. Indogermanische Forschungen 72: 79–109.
Maas, Utz
2010Literat und orat. Grundbegriffe der Analyse geschriebener und gesprochener Sprache. Grazer Linguistische Studien 73: 21–150.
Marchand, Hans
1967Expansion, transposition, and derivation. La Linguistique 3(1): 13–26.
Martelotta, Mário
2012Advérbios – conceito e tendências de ordenação. In Adverbiais, Mariangela Rios de Oliveira & Maria Maura Cezario (eds), 13–96. Niterói: UFF.
Martín Zorraquino, María Antonia
2010Los marcadores del discurso y su morfología. In Los estudios sobre marcadores del discurso en español, hoy, Óscar Loureda Lamas & Esperanza Acín Villa (eds), 93–181, Madrid: Arco Libros.
Medina Gómez, Lorena & Alarcón Neve, Luisa Josefina
2013El adverbio de manera corto en el español formal de México. Verba Hispanica 21: 55–74.
Meier, Harri
1948Adjectivo e advérbio. In Ensaios de filologia românica, Harri Meier (ed.), 55–114. Lisboa: Edição da Revista de Portugal.
Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm
1972 (=11894) Grammatik der romanischen Sprachen, Vol. 2. Hildesheim: Olms.
Molinier, Christian
1963L’incidence de l’adverbe et l’adverbialisation des adjectifs. Travaux de Linguistique et de Littérature 1: 175–194.
Nakamura, Wataru
1997A cognitive approach of English adverbs. Linguistics 35: 247–248.
Pato, Enrique & Viejo Fernández, Xulio
2015Mucho bien y mucho guapa: Mu(n)cho como cuantificador ‘pleno’ de adjetivos y adverbios en castellano y asturiano. [URL]
1996Inflection inside derivation: evidence from Spanish and Portuguese. In Yearbook of Morphology 1995, Gert Booij & Jaap van Marle (eds), 83–91. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Ramat, Paolo
2008Les adverbes latins du point de vue de l’indo-européen. In Adverbes et évolution linguistique en latin, Michèle Fruyt & Sophie van Laer (eds), 13–24. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Ramat, Paolo & Ricca, Davide
1994Prototypical adverbs: On the scalarity/radiality of the notion of adverb. Rivista di Linguistica 6: 289–326.
Ramat, Paulo & Ricca, Davide
1998Sentence adverbs in the languages of Europe. In Adverbial Constructions in the Languages of Europe, Johan van der Auwera (ed), 187–275. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Real Academia Española/Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española
2009Nueva gramática de la lengua española, Vol. 1. Madrid: Espasa Libros.
Renzi, Lorenzo
2005Italiano e romeno. Quaderni del premio letterario Giuseppe Acerbi 6: 55–60.
Renzi, Lorenzo, Salvi, Giampaolo & Cardinaletti, Anna
(eds)2001Grande grammatica italiana de consultazione, Vol. 2. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Ricca, Davide
1998La morfologia avverbiale tra flessione e derivazione. In Ars linguistica, Giuliano Bernini, Pierluigi Cuzzolin & Piera Molinelli (eds), 447–466. Roma: Bulzoni.
Ricca, Davide
2004Conversione in avverbi. In La formazione delle parole in italiano, Maria Grossmann & Franz Rainer (eds), 550–553. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
Ricca, Davide
2015Adverbial categories. In Word-formation, Vol. 2 [HSK 40], Peter O. Müller, Ingeborg Ohnheiser, Susan Olsen & Franz Rainer (eds), 1390–1406. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Ricós Vidal, Amparo
2012A reculas, a hotas, a sabiendas, a la deshilada, a la callada, a la sorda: Más sobre locuciones adverbiales. In Fablar bien y tan mesurado, Adela García Valleet al. (eds), 63–86. Valencia: Tirant.
Rodríguez Molina, Javier
2014Adverbios y locuciones adverbiales de manera. In Sintaxis histórica de la lengua española, Part III, Concepción Company Company (ed.), 733–937. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Rohlfs, Gerhard
1969Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, Vol. 3. Torino: Enaudi.
Salazar García, Ventura
2007Flexibilidad categorial y adverbios de manera en español: Un enfoque functional. In Estudios lingüísticos, literarios e históricos. Homenaje a Juan Martínez Marín, Pedro Barros García, Gonzalo Águila Escobar & Esteban Tomás Montoro del Arco (eds), 309–326. Granada: Universidad de Granada.
Salvi, Giampaolo & Renzi, Lorenzo
(eds)2010Grammatica dell’italiano antico, 2 Vols. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Sandmann, Manfred
1946On neuter adjectives determining verbs with special reference to French and Spanish. The Modern Language Review 41: 24–34.
Schäfer, Martin
2013Positions and Interpretations. German Adverbial Adjectives at the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Schwenk, Hans-Jörg
2015Sind Adjektiv und Adverb verschiedene Wortarten? Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Sonntag, Eric
2005Lexeme, Morpheme und Kategoreme. Die Wortkategorie Adverb und die adverbialen Wortklassen des Französischen und Spanischen. Aachen: Shaker.
Štekauer, Pavol
2015The delimitation of derivation and inflection. In Word-formation, Vol. 2 [HSK 40], Peter O. Müller, Ingeborg Ohnheiser, Susan Olsen & Franz Rainer (eds), 218–235. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Štekauer, Pavol, Valera, Salvador & Körtvélyessy, Lívia
2012Word-formation in the World’s Languages. Cambridge: CUP.
Tagliamonte, Sali & Ito, Rika
2002Think really different: Continuity and specialization in the English dual‐form adverbs. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6: 236–266.
Telschow, Claudia
2014Die Adjektiv-Adverb-Abgrenzung im Deutschen: zu grundlegenden Problemen der Wortartenforschung. Berlin: De Gruyter.
2021. Alternancia de adjetivos, adverbios y grupos preposicionales en la expresión de la circunstancia de manera. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 85 ► pp. 89 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 28 march 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.