Chapter published in:
Topics in Theoretical Asian Linguistics: Studies in honor of John B. Whitman
Edited by Kunio Nishiyama, Hideki Kishimoto and Edith Aldridge
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 250] 2018
► pp. 303–329

Chapter 14. Loanword accent of Kyungsang Korean

A moraic account

| National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics

This paper reanalyzes loanword prosody of North and South Kyungsang Korean and proposes a mora-based accentual analysis as opposed to the traditional syllable-based tonal analyses. The new analysis is based on the following three observations. First, loanwords in both North and South Kyungsang Korean are invariably ‘accented’ in that they involve a sudden pitch fall at the surface output. Second, accent in Kyungsang Korean is fixed in a certain position of the word and does not change in phrases. Third, Kyungsang loanwords are generally accented on their penultimate mora: pitch falls between the penultimate and final moras in most loanwords, whether it is across syllables or within a syllable. Kyungsang Korean is thus a ‘mora-counting language’ as far as loanword prosody is concerned, just like many Japanese dialects.

Keywords: loanword accent, contour tone, penultimate accent, Kyungsang Korean, Japanese, mora, mora-counting language
Published online: 12 December 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/la.250.15kub
References

References

Akinaga, K.
1985 Kyōtsūgo no akusento (Accent of standard Japanese). In NHK Pronunciation and Accent Dictionary, the appendix to NHK (Ed.). Tokyo: Nihon Hōsō Shuppan Kyōkai.Google Scholar
Chung, Y. H.
1991 The Lexical Tone System of North Kyungsang Korean. PhD dissertation, The Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Fukui, R.
2000 Kankokugo shohōgen-no akusento taikei-ni tsuite(On accent systems of Korean dialects). In Kankokugo Akuento Ronsō, (Studies in Korean Accentology) [ICHEL Linguistic Studies 3] R. Fukui (ed.), 1–20. Tokyo: University of Tokyo.Google Scholar
Haraguchi, S.
1977 The Tonal Pattern of Japanese: An Autosegmental Theory of Tonology. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.Google Scholar
Hattori, S.
1954 On’inron-kara mita kokugo-no akusento (Japanese accent considered from a phonological point of view). Kokugo Kenkyū 2. Reproduced in Akusento (Accent), M. Tokugawa (ed.), 37–65. Tokyo: Yūseido.Google Scholar
1973 Akusento towa nani ka? Sono benbetuteki tokuchō towa? (What is the prosodeme, and what are its distinctive features?). Gengo no Kagaku 4: 16–53.Google Scholar
Hayata, T.
1999 Onchō-no Taiporojii(Tonal Typology). Tokyo: Taishukan.Google Scholar
Hayes, B.
1995 Metrical Stress Theory: Principles and Case Studies. Chicago IL: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hyman, L. M.
2006 Word-prosodic typology. Phonology 23: 225–257.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2007 Universals of tone rules: 30 years later. In Tones and Tunes, Vol. 1: Typological Studies in Word and Sentence Prosody, T. Riad & C. Gussenhoven (eds.), 1–34. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Inkelas, S. & Zec, D.
1988 Serbo-Croatian pitch accent: The interaction of tone, stress, and intonation. Language 64: 227–248.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Jun, H. 全鎬璟
2005 Factors affecting accentual patterns of loanwords in Pusan Korean. Kyushu University Papers in Linguistics 25/26.Google Scholar
Kang, Y.
2003 Perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation: English postvocalic word-final stops in Korean. Phonology 20: 219–273.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Kenstowicz, M. & H. -S. Sohn 孫亨淑
2001 Accentual adaptation in North Kyungsang Korean. In Ken Hale: A Life in Language, M. Kenstowicz (ed.), 239–270. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kim, J. 金丁仙
2006 Double accent in loanwords of North Kyungsang Korean and variable syllable weight. Ms, Indiana University.Google Scholar
Kubozono, H.
1988 The Organization of Japanese Prosody. PhD dissertation, Edinburgh University. (Tokyo: Kurosio, 1993).Google Scholar
2001 Epenthetic vowels and accent in Japanese: Facts and paradoxes. In Issues in Japanese Phonology and Morphology, J. van de Weijer & T. Nishihara (eds.), 113–142. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2006a Akusento no Hōsoku (Laws of Accent). Tokyo: Iwanami.Google Scholar
2006b Where does loanword prosody come from? A case study of Japanese loanword accent. Lingua, 116: 1140–1170.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2008 Japanese accent. In The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Linguistics, S. Miyagawa & M. Saito (eds.), 165–191. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
2011 Japanese pitch accent. In The Blackwell Companion to Phonology, Vol. 5, M. van Oostendorp, C. Ewen, E. Hume & K. Rice (eds.), 2879–2907. Malden MA: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2012 Varieties of pitch accent systems in Japanese. Lingua 122: 1395–1414.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
2016 Diversity of pitch accent systems in Koshikijima Japanese. Gengo Kenkyu 150: 1–31.Google Scholar
Ladd, D. R.
1996 Intonational Phonology. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Lee, D. 李東明
2005 Weight-sensitive tone patterns in loanwords of South Kyungsang Korean. Paper presented at Harvard ISOKL-2005.Google Scholar
2007 The tonal structures of the location of the main accent of Kyungsang Korean words. Paper presented at Harvard ISOKL-2007.Google Scholar
Maddieson, I.
1978 Universals of tone. In Universals of Human Language, Vol. 2: Phonology, J. H. Greenberg (ed.) 335–365. Redwood City CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
McCawley, J. D.
1968 The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
1978 What is a tone language? In Tone: A Linguistic Survey, V. Fromkin (ed.), 113–131. New York NY: Academic Press.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. & Beckman, M.
1988 Japanese Tone Structure. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Prince, A. & Smolensky, P.
1993 Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar [Technical Report 2]. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2004).Google Scholar
Shibatani, M.
1990 The Languages of Japan. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
Sibata, T.
1994 Gairaigo ni okeru akusento kaku no ichi (On the location of accent in loanwords). In Gendaigo Hōgen-no Kenkyū, (Studies on Modern Japanese and its Dialects), Kiyoji Sato (ed.) 338–418. Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.Google Scholar
Son, J. 孫在賢
2007a Kankokugo keishōdō hōgen no gairaigo akusento (Loanword accent of Kyungsang Korean dialects). Proceedings of the 134th Meeting of the Linguistic Society of Japan, 222–227.Google Scholar
2007b Accent in Korean Dialects. PhD dissertation, University of Tokyo.Google Scholar