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Thetics and Categoricals
Edited by Werner Abraham, Elisabeth Leiss and Yasuhiro Fujinawa
[Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 262] 2020
► pp. 225–282

From philosophical logic to linguistics

The architecture of information autonomy: Categoricals vs. Thetics revisited

| Groningen University | University of Vienna

How are the logical terms of thetic and categorical judgments to be distinguished linguistically? The key questions are how judgments can be thought of in terms of linguistics and what the deeper lying reason is for distinguishing the two notions. In our search for an answer, we can be guided by the distinction in Japanese, i.e. through the use of the particle ga for thetics and wa for categoricals. In German, the German equivalents are marked by accent mark and information structural word order. Syntactically, thetics are represented by VP incorporation of all arguments including the subject. The arguments are not subject to syntactic probing mechanisms but follow semantic preference principles. The following sectionss lead the reader through the paper. (1) What is thetic, what is categorical? What is this difference for? (2) Main working hypothesis: From thetic judgment to thetic sentence. (3) Hypothetic definition 1: the thetic sentence in German. (4) Hypothetic definition 2: Thetic – Categorical. (5) Thetics are presentational, not locative and not existential. (6) Accent and information structure. (7) Common ground contents (speech act felicity conditions). (8) Integrational focus: broad and narrow focus (Jacobs 2001). (9) VP-integrated subject ≠ Unaccusative subject. (10) Speaker deixis implied by subject inversion. (11) Special ga-subjects after Onoe 1973: The deeper key to thetics? (12) Linking thetic syntax with Onoe’s special ga-verb class in Japanese? (13) The origo decision for episodicity and genericity. (14) Typological commonalities. (15) Hypothesis: Passives are near-thetic. (16) Conclusion without a real end: the interface mix. (17) Outgoing: leading ideas and main concepts.

Keywords: narrow and wide sentential focus, Japanese ga vs. wa , presentational and existential sentence, prosody, thetic – categorical, valence, subject inversion, VP-integrated argument/subject
Article outline
  • 1.What is thetic, what is categorical?: What is this difference?
    • 1.1Thetics according to text genre?: Modal particle/MP selection as a speech act criterion?
    • 1.2Thetics according to sentential form?
    • 1.3Thetics and subject position?
  • 2.Main working hypothesis: From thetic judgment to thetic sentence
    • 2.1The distinction of thetic and categorical in German (V2-OV, subject as well as topic prominent)
    • 2.2The thetic and the categorical judgment in Japanese (OV and topic prominent)
  • 3.Hypothesis 1: The thetic sentence in German
  • 4.Hypothetic definition 2: Thetik – Categorical
  • 5.Thetics are presentational, not locative and not existential
  • 6.Accent and information structure
  • 7.Common ‘Ground contents (speech act felicity conditions)
  • 8.Integrational focus: Broad and narrow focus
  • 9.VP-inegrated subject and unaccusative subject
  • 10.Speaker deixis implied by subject inversion
    • 10.1Our main hypothesis confirmed
    • 10.2How do you leave a sentence without any context?
  • 11.Special ga-subjects after Onoe 1973: The deeper key to thetics?
  • 12.Linking thetic syntax with Onoe’s special ga-verb class in Japanese?
  • 13.The origo decision for episodicity and genericity
    • 13.1Thetic valence and origo deixis
    • 13.2Episodic in contrast to generic: Tense in DP? Referential biographies
  • 14.Typological commonalities
  • 15.Hypothesis: Passives are near-thetic
  • 16.Conclusion without a real end: The interface mix
    • 16.1Is it easy in Japanese to recognize and to encode thetics?
    • 16.2Deep grammatical interfaces for the thetic-categorical distinction
  • 17.Outgoing: Leading ideas and main concepts
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 22 July 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1075/la.262.09abr
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Abraham, Werner
2020. Introduction . In Thetics and Categoricals [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 262], ► pp. 2 ff. DOI logo

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