Article published in:
Bi-/Multilingualism and the Declining BrainEdited by Christos Pliatsikas, Ana Inés Ansaldo and Toms Voits
[Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 11:4] 2021
► pp. 578–610
Spoken word processing in bilingual older adults
Assessing within- and cross-language competition using the visual world task
Debra Titone | McGill University
Julie Mercier | McGill University
Aruna Sudarshan | McGill University
Irina Pivneva | McGill University
Jason Gullifer | McGill University
Shari Baum | McGill University
We investigated whether bilingual older adults experience within- and cross-language competition during spoken
word recognition similarly to younger adults matched on age of second language (L2) acquisition, objective and subjective L2
proficiency, and current L2 exposure. In a visual world eye-tracking paradigm, older and younger adults, who were French-dominant
or English-dominant English-French bilinguals, listened to English words, and looked at pictures including the target (field), a
within-language competitor (feet) or cross-language (French) competitor (fille, “girl”), and unrelated filler pictures while their
eye movements were monitored. Older adults showed evidence of greater within-language competition as a function of increased
target and competitor phonological overlap. There was some evidence of age-related differences in cross-language competition,
however, it was quite small overall and varied as a function of target language proficiency. These results suggest that greater
within- and possibly cross-language lexical competition during spoken word recognition may underlie some of the communication
difficulties encountered by healthy bilingual older adults.
Keywords: spoken word recognition, bilingualism, aging, visual world, eye-tracking
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Methods
- 2.1Participants
- 2.2Materials
- 2.3Apparatus
- 2.4Procedure
- 3.Results
- 3.1Within-language competition
- 3.1.1Fixations to target pictures as a function of display (competitor display vs. no-competitor display), only when the target was heard
- 3.1.2Fixations to within-language competitor pictures as a function of word heard (target vs. control), only when competitor displays were presented
- 3.1.3Correct mouse clicks for within-language competitor-display trials as a function of word heard (target vs. control)
- 3.1.4Interactions with English-language proficiency for older adults alone
- 3.1.5Within-language competition summary
- 3.2Cross-language competition
- 3.2.1Fixations to target pictures as a function of display (competitor display vs. no-competitor display), only when the target was heard
- 3.2.2Fixations to cross-language competitor pictures as a function of word heard (target vs. control), only when competitor displays were presented
- 3.2.3Correct mouse clicks for cross-language competitor-display trials as a function of word heard (target vs. control)
- 3.2.4Interaction with English-language proficiency in older adults
- 3.2.5Cross-language competition summary
- 3.1Within-language competition
- 4.Discussion
- Acknowledgements
-
References
Published online: 13 February 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.18028.tit
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.18028.tit
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Pliatsikas, Christos, Ana Inés Ansaldo & Toms Voits
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