Previous studies have observed different gender assignment strategies for English nouns in Spanish-English
code-switching (CS). However, these studies have not investigated the role of noun gender canonicity of the Spanish equivalent,
they have only examined participants in bilingual speaker mode, and most studies have not explored the role of bilingual language
experience. The current study compares gender assignment by heritage speakers of Spanish in a monolingual speaker mode and a
bilingual speaker mode, considering the role of noun gender canonicity and CS experience. Results revealed a language mode effect,
where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with the same feminine nouns in the CS session than those in the
Spanish monolingual session where they used a feminine determiner. Further evidence of a language mode effect was found in the
effect of noun canonicity and bilingual language experience. Noun canonicity was only significant in the Spanish monolingual
session, where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with non-canonical nouns. Bilingual language experience
was only significant in the CS session, where regular codeswitchers used more masculine default determiners than infrequent
codeswitchers and non-codeswitchers, while in Spanish-only, all these groups behaved similarly.
(2014) Lone English-origin nouns in Spanish: The precedence of community norms. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(10), 1–22.
Alarcón, I. V.
(2011) Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals’ linguistic behavior within the noun phrase. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14(03), 332–350.
Beatty-Martínez, A. L., & Dussias, P. E.
(2017) Bilingual experience shapes Language processing: Evidence from code-switching. Journal of Memory and Language, 951, 173–189.
Beatty-Martínez, A. L., & Dussias, P. E.
(2019) Revisiting Masculine and Feminine AGrammatical Gender in Spanish: Linguistic, Psycholinguistic, and Neurolinguistic Evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 101, 751.
Beatty-Martínez, A. L., Valdés Kroff, J. R., & Dussias, P. E.
(2018) From the field to the lab: a converging methods approach to the study of codeswitching. Languages, 3(2), 1–19.
Bull, W. E.
(1965) Spanish for teachers: applied linguistics. New York: Ronald Press Co.
Bullock, B. E., & Toribio, A. J. E.
(2009) The Cambridge handbook of linguistic code-switching. Cambridge University Press.
Chaston, J. M.
(1996) Sociolinguistic analysis of gender agreement in article/noun combinations in Mexican American Spanish in Texas. Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe, 21(3), 195–202.
Clegg, J., & Waltermire, M.
(2009) Gender Assignment to English-Origin Nouns in The Spanish of the Southwestern United States. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 28 (1), 1–18.
Eddington, D.
(2002) Spanish gender assignment in an analogical framework. Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, 9(1), 49–75.
Grosjean, F.
(2001) The bilingual’s language modes. In J. L. Nicol (Ed.), One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing, (pp. 1–22). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Harris, J. W.
(1991) The exponence of gender in Spanish. Linguistic Inquiry, 22(1), 27-62.
Herring, J. R., Deuchar, M., Couto, M. C. P., & Quintanilla, M. M.
(2010) ‘I saw the madre’: evaluating predictions about codeswitched determiner-noun sequences using Spanish–English and Welsh–English data. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(5), 553–573.
Hualde, J. I., Olarrea, A. & Escobar, A. M.
(2003) Introducción a la lingüística hispánica. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Liceras, J. M., Fuertes, R. F., Perales, S., Pérez-Tattam, R., & Spradlin, K. T.
(2008) Gender and gender agreement in bilingual native and non-native grammars: A view from child and adult functional–lexical mixings. Lingua, 118(6), 827–851.
Lew-Williams, C., & Fernald, A.
(2007) Young children learning Spanish make rapid use of grammatical gender in spoken word recognition. Psychological Science, 18(3), 193–198.
Montrul, S., Davidson, J., De La Fuente, I., & Foote, R.
(2014) Early language experience facilitates the processing of gender agreement in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17(01), 118–138.
Montrul, S., de la Fuente, I., Davidson, J., & Foote, R.
(2013) The role of experience in the acquisition and production of diminutives and gender in Spanish: Evidence from L2 learners and heritage speakers. Second Language Research, 291, 87–118.
Montrul, S., Foote, R., & Perpiñán, S.
(2008) Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: The effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning, 58(3), 503–553.
Montrul, S., & Slabakova, R.
(2003) Competence similarities between native and near-native speakers: An investigation of the preterite-imperfect contrast in Spanish. Studies in second language acquisition, 25(3), 351–398.
Muysken, P.
(1995) Code-switching and grammatical theory. In L. Milroy & P. Muysken (Eds.), One Speaker, Two Languages: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives on Code-switching (pp. 177–198). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.