Commentary published in:
Epistemological issue with keynote article “Different speakers, different grammars: Individual differences in native language attainment” by Ewa Dabrowska
[Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 2:3] 2012
► pp. 264–268
Commentary

Variable competence

| University of Michigan
Published online: 07 September 2012
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.2.3.04ell
References
Ambridge, B., & Lieven, E.
(2011) Child language acquisition: Contrasting theoretical approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Beckner, C., Blythe, R., Bybee, J., Christiansen, M.H., Croft, W., Ellis, N.C., Holland, J., Ke, J., Larsen-Freeman, D., & Schonemann, T.
(2009) Language is a complex adaptive system. Position paper. Language Learning, 59(Supplement 1), 1–26.Google Scholar
Bock, J.K.
(1986) Syntactic persistence in language production. Cognitive Psychology, 181, 355–387. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bod, R., Hay, J., & Jannedy, S.
(Eds.) (2003) Probabilistic linguistics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J., & Hopper, P.
(Eds.) (2001) Frequency and the emergence of linguistic structure. Amsterdam: Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Chipere, N.
(2001) Native speaker variations in syntactic competence: Implications for first language teaching. Language Awareness, 101, 107–124. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, M.H., & Chater, N.
(2008) Language as shaped by the brain. Behavioral & Brain Sciences [target article for multiple peer commentary], 311, 489–509. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Collins, L., & Ellis, N.C.
(2009) Input and second language construction learning: frequency, form, and function. Modern Language Journal, 93(2).Google Scholar
Dąbrowska, E.
(1997) The LAD goes to school: A cautionary tale for nativists. Linguistics, 351, 735–766. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2008a) The later development of an early-emerging system: The curious case of the Polish genitive. Linguistics, 461, 629–650. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2008b) The effects of frequency and neighbourhood density on adult speakers’ productivity with Polish case inflections: An empirical test of usage-based approaches to morphology. Journal of Memory and Language, 581, 931–951. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Dąbrowska, E., & Street, J.
(2006) Individual differences in language attainment: Comprehension of passive sentences by native and non-native English speakers. Language Sciences, 281, 604–615. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Divjak, D.S., & Gries. S.T.
Eds. in press Frequency effects in language: Linguistic representation Berlin Mouton de Gruyter
Ellis, N.C.
(2002) Frequency effects in language processing: A review with implications for theories of implicit and explicit language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24(2), 143–188. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) At the interface: Dynamic interactions of explicit and implicit language knowledge. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 271, 305–352. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2006) Selective attention and transfer phenomena in SLA: Contingency, cue competition, salience, interference, overshadowing, blocking, and perceptual learning. Applied Linguistics, 27(2), 1–31. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2008) Optimizing the input: Frequency and sampling in Usage-based and Formfocussed Learning. In M.H. Long & C. Doughty (Eds.), Handbook of second and foreign language teaching. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
(2011) Frequency-based accounts of SLA. In S. Gass & A. Mackey (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 193–210). London: Routledge / Taylor Francis.Google Scholar
Ellis, N.C., & Cadierno, T.
(Eds.) (2009) Constructing a second language (Vol. Special section, 7).Google Scholar
Ellis, N.C., & Larsen-Freeman, D.
(2006) Language emergence: Implications for Applied Linguistics. Applied Linguistics, 27(4). CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Language as a Complex Adaptive System (Special Issue). Language Learning, 59(Supplement 1), 1–27.Google Scholar
Ellis, N.C., & O’Donnell. M.B
(2011) Robust language acquisition — an emergent consequence of language as a complex adaptive system. In L. Carlson, C. Hölscher, & T. Shipley (Eds.), Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 3512–3517). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.Google Scholar
Ellis, N.C., & O’Donnell. M.B.
(2012) Statistical construction learning: Does a Zipfian problem space ensure robust language learning? In P. Rebuschat & J.N. Williams (Eds.), Statistical Learning and Language Acquisition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Ellis, R.
(1985) A variable competence model of second language acquisition. IRAL, 231, 47–59.Google Scholar
(2008) The study of second language acquisition, (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, N., & Levinson, S.C.
(2009) The myth of language universals. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 321, 429–492. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, K.R.
(1990) The variable competence model of second language acquisition, and why it isn’t. Applied Linguistics, 11(4), 364–381. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Gries, S.T., & Divjak, D.S.
Eds. in press Frequency effects in cognitive linguistics: Statistical effects in learnability, processing and change (Vol. 1) Berlin Mouton de Gruyter
Gries, S.T., & Wulff, S.
(2005) Do foreign language learners also have constructions? Evidence from priming, sorting, and corpora. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 31, 182–200. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2009) Psycholinguistic and corpus linguistic evidence for L2 constructions. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 71, 164–187. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, K., & Mackey, A.
(2008) Syntactic priming and ESL question development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 301, 31–47. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
McDonough, K., & Trofimovich, P.
(2008) Using priming methods in second language research. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pickering, M.J., & Ferreira, V.S.
(2008) Structural priming: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 1341, 427–459. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, M.J., & Garrod, S.C.
(2006) Alignment as the basis for successful communication. Research on Language and Computation, 41, 203–228. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, P., & Ellis, N.C.
(Eds.) (2008) A handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition. London: Routledge. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Slobin, D.I.
(1997) The origins of grammaticizable notions: Beyond the individual mind. In D. I. Slobin (Ed.), The crosslinguistic study of language acquisition (Vol. 51, pp. 265–323). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Street, J., & Dąbrowska, E.
2010 More individual differences in language attainment: How much do adult native speakers of English know about passives and quantifiers? Lingua 1201, 2080–2094. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Tarone, E.
(1988) Variation in interlanguage. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Tomasello, M.
(2003) Constructing a language. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Trousdale, G., & Hoffmann, T.
(Eds.) (2012) Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, J.N., & Rebuschat, P.
(Eds.) (2012) Statistical learning and language acquisition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Cited by

Cited by 3 other publications

No author info given
2015.  In Language Proficiency in Native and Non-native Speakers [Language Learning & Language Teaching, 41], Crossref logo
Gudmestad, Aarnes, Amanda Edmonds & Thomas Metzger
2020. Modeling variability in number marking in additional-language Spanish. Journal of the European Second Language Association 4:1 ► pp. 24 ff. Crossref logo
Hulstijn, Jan H.
2019. An Individual-Differences Framework for Comparing Nonnative With Native Speakers: Perspectives From BLC Theory. Language Learning 69 ► pp. 157 ff. Crossref logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 23 april 2022. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.