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Article published In:
Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism
Vol. 5:1 (2015) ► pp.91–121

Colliding vowel systems in Andean Spanish

Carryovers and emergent properties

| Pennsylvania State University

The acquisition of the Spanish 5-vowel system by speakers of the 3-vowel language Quechua (/I/-/a/-/ʊ/) seldom results in accurate approximation to Spanish vowel spaces when learning takes place informally in post-adolescence. The present study offers data from a minimal immersion environment in northern Ecuador. In a context in which few cues point to the existence of mid-high vocalic oppositions in Spanish (e.g. no literacy, no corrective feedback, almost no viable minimal pairs), these speakers reliably distinguish only three Spanish vowels in production. These Quechua-dominant bilinguals have amorphous front and back vowel spaces considerably broader than those defining Quechua /I/ and /ʊ/, but with no bimodal clustering. Left relatively unfettered, the hybrid system may contribute to an understanding of the relationship between vowel inventory and vowel space topology.

Keywords: Andean Spanish, Spanish vowels, Quechua language, vowel spaces, second language acquisition
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
    • 1.1Vowel spaces: inventories and topologies
    • 1.2Spanish-Quechua bilingualism
  • 2.Previous studies of Quechua-influenced Spanish vowel systems
  • 3.Data collection
    • 3.1The setting
    • 3.2Participants
    • 3.3Procedure
    • 3.4Obtaining baseline data
  • 4.Formant data extraction
    • 4.1Procedure
    • 4.2Normalization
    • 4.3Exclusions
    • 4.4Accommodations
  • 5.Results
    • 5.1Baseline Spanish and Quechua vowels
    • 5.2Spanish vowel spaces of Quechua-dominant bilinguals
    • 5.3Dispersion of vowel tokens
    • 5.4Possible emergent height harmony
  • 6.Discussion
    • 6.1Under-differentiation of Spanish mid and high vowels
    • 6.2Vowel (mis)identification as a function of F0 and F1
    • 6.3For the future: further possible emergent traits
  • 7.Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Published online: 1 May 2015
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.1.04lip
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Cited by 8 other publications

Baird, Brandon O.
2020. Chapter 3. The vowel spaces of Spanish-K’ichee’ bilinguals. In Spanish Phonetics and Phonology in Contact [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 28], ► pp. 63 ff. DOI logo
Emlen, Nicholas Q.
2020. Chapter 10. The many Spanishes of an Andean-Amazonian crossroads. In Amazonian Spanish [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 23], ► pp. 260 ff. DOI logo
Lipski, John M.
2016. On the tenacity of Andean Spanish. In Spanish Language and Sociolinguistic Analysis [Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics, 8], ► pp. 109 ff. DOI logo
Lipski, John M.
2020. Can a bilingual lexicon be sustained by phonotactics alone?. The Mental Lexicon 15:2 ► pp. 330 ff. DOI logo
Lipski, John M.
2020. A tale of two lexical-decision tasks. Language Ecology 4:2 ► pp. 175 ff. DOI logo
Lipski, John M.
2022. The Emergence andEvolution of Romance Languages in Europe and the Americas. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 427 ff. DOI logo
Stewart, Jesse
2018. Vowel perception by native Media Lengua, Quichua, and Spanish speakers. Journal of Phonetics 71 ► pp. 177 ff. DOI logo
[no author supplied]
2022. Emergence and Spread of Some European Languages. In The Cambridge Handbook of Language Contact, ► pp. 425 ff. DOI logo

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