Article published in:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 21:3 (2020) ► pp. 408–442

閩南語元音演變路徑與觸發因素 [On triggers and derivation trail of vowel change in Southern Min]

| 國立清華大學 National Tsing Hua University
本文從次方言比較角度，對比台南、新竹、廈門、鹿港、金門等五地，尋找閩南語單元音歸併演變路徑及其相關變化的可能觸發因素。台南與厦門（鼓浪嶼一帶）的發音相似，傳統閩南語的o、ɔ分立，都轉爲ə、o分立，顯示語言異地同變之追求系統均衡的普遍趨勢。若系統存在固有央元音ə、ɨ音位，傾向阻擋o前移，以免降低固有ə與o區別度，在泉州腔的金門與同安均可見此現象。鹿港老一輩可見到僅以舌位高低區別o、ɔ，但中青年層也普遍出現o元音前移趨勢；說明固有央元音ə阻擋o央化不是必然，次方言接觸強度會進一步誘發差異演變。語言優勢效應也影響了閩南語元音變化，當優勢華語進入生活各領域，促使閩南語中青年層元音系統朝向等同於華語的三個舌位高度發展；目前廈門、金門與台灣各地青年層閩南語元音都是三個舌位高度。總結而言，元音系統內部平衡機制、優勢語言影響、與次方言接觸強度等動力，綜合影響了當今閩南語元音系統歸併變化。
Keywords: 閩南語, 元音演變, 語言接觸, 語言優勢, 離散分布理論
Keywords: Southern Min, vowel change, dialect contact, language dominance
Published online: 16 June 2020
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00066.liu
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