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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 23:3 (2022) ► pp.451–491

古漢語言說動詞「道」的語法化和詞彙化

| National Taiwan Normal University

本文從歷時觀點完整梳理言說動詞「道」在漢語史中的語法化和詞彙化，就具體詞例一一探討「X道」的生成途徑。由於詞義的抽象化，表認知義的「道」在「V道」格式中快速地語法化，並且開始有了複合詞「X道」的產生，這兩種演化路線共同交織出「道」的近代發展史。相較於漢語其他言說動詞的虛化演變，「道」的詞彙化可謂特別發達。當「道」一路語法化為附著詞屬性的標補詞，期間陸續有「V道」詞彙化的例子增生；而連詞、副詞與「道」複合成「X道」的詞例越多，就越容易重新分析出「道」這個構詞成分。漢語受孤立語類型特徵的限制，雖沒有典型的屈折形態語素，但不完全形態化的語素應是有的，依附於詞或短語的「道」即是一個顯明的例證。

Keywords: 言說動詞, 道, 語法化, 詞彙化, 標補詞, 附著詞
Article outline
  • 1.前言
  • 2.文獻回顧
  • 3.「道」的語法化
    • 3.1言說動詞＞引語動詞
    • 3.2引語動詞＞引語標記
      • 3.2.1「道」後置於言說動詞(saying verbs)
      • 3.2.2「道」後置於認知動詞(cognitive verbs)
    • 3.3引語標記＞標補詞
      • 3.3.1「道」後置於感官動詞(perception verbs)
      • 3.3.2「道」後置於情感動詞(emotion verbs)
      • 3.3.3「道」後置於情態動詞(modal verbs)
    • 3.4標補詞「道」的定性思考
    • 3.5「道」在語法化過程中所發生的詞彙化
      • 「知道」
      • 「信道」
      • 「怪道」
  • 4.「X道」的詞彙化
    • 4.1唐宋成詞之例
      • 4.1.1連詞「X道」
        • 「若道」
        • 「雖道」
        • 「縱道」
        • 「況道」
      • 4.1.2副詞「X道」
        • 「惟道／不惟道」
        • 「不成道」
    • 4.2元以後成詞之例
      • 「便道／便做道／更做道／更則道」
      • 「暢道／唱道／暢好道／常好道」
      • 「幾曾道／何曾道／不曾道」
      • 「怕不道」
      • 「做甚道」
      • 「擅便道」
    • 4.3情態動詞與「道」的詞彙化
  • 5.結論
  • 謝辭
  • 笔记
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 13 July 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00112.kuo
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