Cover not available
Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 23:3 (2022) ► pp.492–520

海豐閩語持續體貌標記的特徵與來源

 | University of Macau
閩語的持續體貌表現形式及標記多與表處所的介詞結構有關，此為閩語學界公認的事實。然而，處於語言接觸地帶的海豐閩語「動作」、「狀態」、「事件」持續體貌卻分別由[to35]、[nin53]、[tsu22]三種不同標記表示。三種持續體貌標記形式特徵各異，狀態、事件持續體貌標記更是來源不明。本文運用語言接觸理論，通過比較論證，證明海豐閩語動作持續標記[to35]源於譜系一致，地緣關係密切的粵東潮汕閩語，狀態持續標記[nin53]則源於區域內接觸頻繁的客家話，事件持續標記[tsu22]與廣東、海南閩語具有類型一致特徵，是閩語表處所介詞結構簡省的結果。海豐閩語持續體貌標記的特徵及來源，對與海豐閩語一樣處在多語多方言接觸地帶的漢語方言，具有類型學意義。
Keywords: 海豐閩語, 客家話, 持續體貌標記, 語言接觸
Article outline
  • 1.前言
  • 2.閩南語的持續體貌形式與標記
  • 3.海豐閩語的持續體貌形式與標記
    • 3.1動作持續體貌形式與標記
    • 3.2狀態持續體貌形式與標記
      • 3.2.1動作狀態持續體貌形式與標記
      • 3.2.2結果狀態持續體貌形式與標記
      • 3.2.3伴隨狀態持續體貌形式
    • 3.3事件持續體貌形式與標記
  • 4.海豐閩語持續標記的來源
    • 4.1海豐閩語動作持續標記[to35]的來源
    • 4.2海豐閩語狀態持續標記[nin53]的來源
    • 4.3海豐閩語事件持續標記[tsu22]的來源
  • 5.結語
  • 謝辭
  • 筆記
  • 參考文獻
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 13 July 2022
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00113.xu
References (56)
參考文獻
Bybee, Joan & Perkins, Revere & Pagliuca, William. 1994. The evolution of grammar: Tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cao, Zhiyun (曹志耘). (eds.) 2008. Hanyu fangyan dituji: Yufajuan 漢語方言地圖集．語法卷 [Linguistic atlas of Chinese dialects: Grammar]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Song Hing (張雙慶) (eds.) 1996. Dongci de ti 動詞的體 [Aspect of verbs]. Hong Kong: T.T. Ng Chinese Language Research Centre, Institute of Chinese Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Chen, Manjun (陳曼君). 2017. Minnan fangyan chixuti biaoji “lie” de laiyuan jiqi yufahua 閩南方言持續體標記「咧」的來源及其語法化 [The origin and grammaticalization of the durative aspect marker lie in the Southern Min dialects]. Yuyan Kexue 語言科學 [Linguistic Sciences] 2017(4). 384–405.Google Scholar
Chen, Zeping (陳澤平). 1996. Fuzhou fangyan dongci de ti he mao 福州方言動詞的體和貌 [Aspects of verbs in Fuzhou Dialects]. In Chang, Song Hing (張雙慶) (ed.), Dongci de ti 動詞的體 [Aspects of verbs], 225–253. Hong Kong: T.T. Ng Chinese Language Research Centre, Institute of Chinese Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Cheung, Hung-Nin Samuel (張洪年). 2007. Xianggang Yueyu yufa de yanjiu 香港粵語語法的研究 [A grammar of cantonese as spoken in Hong Kong]. Revised edn. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Chiang, Min-hua (江敏華). 2013. Taiwan Kejiahua dongqu jiegouzhong yu timao youguan de chengfen 台灣客家話動趨結構中與體貌有關的成分 [Aspect-related components in the verb-directional constructions of Taiwan Hakka]. Language and Linguistics 14(5). 837–873.Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect: An introduction to the study of verbal aspect and related problems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Editorial Committee of Puning Gazetteer (普寧市地方志編纂委員會) (ed.). 1995. Puning xianzhi 普寧縣志 [Puning gazetteer]. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House.Google Scholar
Editorial Committee of Huizhou Gazetteer (惠州市地方志編纂委員會) (ed.). 2008. Huizhou shizhi 惠州市志 [Huizhou gazetteer]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.Google Scholar
Heine, Bernd & Kuteva, Tania. 2002. World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2003. On contact-induced grammaticalization. Studies in Language 27(3). 529–572. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2005. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Huang, Dinghua (黃丁華). 1958. Minnan fangyan de xuziyan “zai, zhe, li” 閩南方言的虛字眼「在、著、裡」 [Function words zai, zhe, li in the Southern Min dialects]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 1958(2). 81–83.Google Scholar
Huang, Xiaoxue (黃曉雪). 2007. Shuo jumo zhuci “zai” 說句末助詞「在」 [On the clause final particle zai ]. Fangyan 方言 [Dialect] 2007(3). 232–237.Google Scholar
Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中國社會科學院語言所) & Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (中國社會科學院民族學與人類學研究所) & Language Information Sciences Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong (香港城市大學語言資訊科學研究中心). 2012. Zhongguo yuyan dituji 中國語言地圖集 [Language atlas of China]. 2nd edn. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Kwok, Bit-Chee (郭必之) & Lin, Huayong (林華勇). 2012. Lienjiang Yueyu dongci houzhi chengfen “dao” de laiyuan he fazhan: Cong yuyan jiechu de qiaodu wei qierudian 廉江粵語動詞後置成分「倒」的來源和發展──從語言接觸的角度為切入點 [The origin and development of the post-verbal dǎo in Lianjiang Yue: A language contact perspective] Language and Linguistics 13(2). 289–320.Google Scholar
Li, Rulong (李如龍). 1996. Quanzhou fangyan de ti 泉州方言的體 [Aspects of verbs in Quanzhou Dialect]. In Chang, Song Hing (張雙慶) (ed.), Dongci de ti 動詞的體 [Aspects of verbs], 195–224. Hong Kong: T.T. Ng Chinese Language Research Centre, Institute of Chinese Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Li, Xinkui (李新魁) & Huang, Jiajiao (黃家教) & Shi, Qisheng (施其生) & Mai, Yun (麥耘) & Chen, Dinfang (陳定方). 1995. Guangzhou fangyan yanjiu 廣州方言研究 [A study of the Guangzhou dialect]. Guangzhou: Guangdong People’s Publishing House.Google Scholar
Lien, Chinfa (連金發). 2005. Zaoqi Minnanyuzhong duochong gonhnenci “chu” de tansuo: Cong fangwei dao timao 早期閩南語中多重功能詞「處」的探索：從方位到體貌 [Polyfunctionality of 處 in Early Southern Min: From location to aspect]. Donghai Zhongwen Xuebao 東海中文學報 [Tunghai Journal of Chinese Literature] 291. 251–268.Google Scholar
. 2007. Grammaticalization of pat4 in Southern Min: A cognitive perspective. Language and Linguistics 8(3). 723–742.Google Scholar
Lin, Huayong (林華勇). 2014. Lianjiang Yueyu yufa yanjiu 廉江粵語語法研究 [A study of the syntax of Lianjiang Cantonese]. Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
Lin, Huayong (林華勇) & Wu, Xueyu (吳雪鈺) & Liu, Zhiling (劉祉靈). 2017. Yuexi fangyan de yizu quyuxing yufa tezheng: Cong “jiechu yinfa de yufahua” yu yuyi ditu xiangjiehe de kuangjia kan 粵西方言的一組區域性語法特徵──從「接觸引發的語法化」與語義地圖相結合的框架看 [A study on a group of grammatical features across Western Yue dialects: Perspectives from contact-induced grammaticalization and semantic map model]. Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 10(2). 197–213.Google Scholar
Lin, Lifang (林立芳). 1996. Meixian fangyan dongci de ti 梅縣方言動詞的體 [Aspects of verbs in Meixian dialects]. In Chang, Song Hing (張雙慶) (ed.), Dongci de ti 動詞的體 [Aspects of verbs], 34–47. Hong Kong: T.T. Ng Chinese Language Research Centre, Institute of Chinese Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Lin, Songyu (林頌育). 2008. Minnan fangyan chixuti biaoji de laiyuan 閩南方言持續體標記的來源 [The derivation of the marker of the durative aspect in the South Min dialects]. Fuzhou: Fujian Normal University. (Master’s thesis.)
. 2009. Minnan Jiaomeihua de chixuti biaoji 閩南角美話的持續體標記 [The marker of the durative aspect of Minnan dialect spoken in Jiaomei] Jimei Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 集美大學學報(哲學社會科學版) [Journal of Jimei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)] 2009(3). 68–74.Google Scholar
. 2010. Shilun Minnanhua chixuti biaoji de laiyuan 試論閩南話持續體標記的來源 [Discussion on the original word of the durative aspect marker in the Southern Min dialects]. Yuyan Kexue 語言科學 [Linguistic Sciences] 2010(4). 386–393.Google Scholar
Lin, Tiansong (林天送). 2006. Quanzhou fangyan yufa sibainian de yanbian 泉州方言語法四百年的演變 [The grammar changes during the last 400 yaers in Quanzhou dialect]. Xiamen: Xiamen University. (Master’s thesis.)
Liu, Danqing (劉丹青). 2008. Yufa diaocha yanjiu shouce 語法調查研究手冊 [A handbook for grammatical investigation and research]. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House.Google Scholar
Luo, Ziqun (羅自群). 2005. Xiandai Hanyu fangyan biaoshi chixu yiyi de “zhu” 現代漢語方言表示持續意義的「住」 [On the durative aspect marker zhu in the modern Chinese dialects]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2005(21). 152–157.Google Scholar
Luo, Zhihai (羅志海). 1995. Hiafeng fangyan 海豐方言 [Haifeng dialect]. Dehong: Dehong Nationalities Publishing House.Google Scholar
Matthews, Stephen & Yip, Virginia. 2009. Contact-induced grammaticalization: Evidence from bilingual acquisition. Studies in Language 33(2). 366–395. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mei, Tsu-Lin (梅祖麟). 1989. Hanyu fangyan li xuci “zhe” zi sanzhong yongfa de laiyuan 漢語方言裡虛詞「著」字三種用法的來源 [The origin of the three uses of the Mandarin function-word zhe in Chinese dialects]. Zhongguo Yuyan Xuebao 中國語言學報 [Chinese Linguistics: The Journal of Linguistic Society of China] 31. 193–216.Google Scholar
Pan, Jiayi (潘家懿). 1996. Haifeng fangyan sanshinian lai de yanbian 海豐方言三十年來的演變 [The changes of Haifeng dialect in the past thirty years]. Fangyan 方言 [Dialect] 1996(4). 267–271.Google Scholar
Pan, Jiayi (潘家懿) & Zheng, Shouzhi (鄭守智). 2010. Yuedong Minnanyu de fenbu ji fangyanpian de huafen 粵東閩南語的分佈及方言片的劃分 [Redistribution of Southern Min dialect in Eastern Guangdong] Taiwan Yuwen Yanjiu 臺灣語文研究 [Journal of Taiwanese Language and Literature] 5(1). 145–165.Google Scholar
Peng, Xiaochuan (彭小川). 1996. Guangzhouhua de dongtai dongci “zhu” 廣州話的動態助詞「住」 [The dynamic zhu in Guangzhou dialect]. In Hu, Mingyang (胡明揚) (ed.) Hanyu fangyan timao lunwenji 漢語方言體貌論文集 [Essays on aspect of verbs in Chinese dialects], 205–225. Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Publishing House.Google Scholar
Qian, Dianxiang (錢奠香). 2002. Hainan Tunchang Minyu yufa yanjiu 海南屯昌閩語語法研究 [A study of the syntax in Tunchang Min dialect]. Kunming: Yunnan University Publishing House.Google Scholar
Shi, Jianguo (侍建國). 2007. Guangzhouhua chixu timao ciwei fenlei 廣州話持續體貌詞尾分類 [Classification of verb suffixes of continuance in Cantonese]. In Xu, Jie (徐杰) & Zhong, Qi (鍾奇) (eds.), Hanyu cihui, jufa, yuyin de xianghu guanlian 漢語詞彙⋅句法⋅語音的相互關聯 [Interface in Chinese: Morphology, syntax and phonetics], 411–424. Beijing: Beijing Language and Culture University Press.Google Scholar
Shi, Qisheng (施其生). 1996. Shantou fangyan de ti 汕頭方言的體 [Aspects of verbs in Quanzhou Dialect]. In Chang, Song Hing (張雙慶) (ed.), Dongci de ti 動詞的體 [Aspects of verbs], 161–194. Hong Kong: T.T. Ng Chinese Language Research Centre, Institute of Chinese Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
. 2013. Minnan fangyan de chixu timao 閩南方言的持續體貌 [On the durative aspect of Southern Min dialects]. Fangyan 方言 [Dialect] 2013(4). 289–306.Google Scholar
Tang, Szewing (鄧思穎). 2009. Yueyu jumo “zhu” he kuangshi xuci jiegou 粵語句末「住」和框式虛詞結構 [The sentence final particle zyu and the discontinuous constructions in Cantonese]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2009(3). 234–240.Google Scholar
Wang, Jianshe (王建設). 2004. Cong Ming Qing Minnan fangyan xiwen kan “zhe” de yufahua guocheng 從明清閩南方言戲文看「著」的語法化過程 [Grammaticalized process of zhe as seen from actor’s lines of South Fujian dialect during Ming and Qing dynasties]. Huaqiao Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 華僑大學學報(哲學社會科學版) [Journal of Huaqiao University (Philosophy & Social Sciences)] 2004(3). 128–132.Google Scholar
. 2010. Zailun Quanzhouhua wanchengti he chixuti zhuci [lə0] de laiyuan 再論泉州話完成體和持續體助詞[lə0]的來源 [A further discussion on the source of tense auxiliary [lə0] in Quanzhou dialect]. In Lin, Huadong (林華東) (ed.), Hanyu fangyan yufa xin tansuo 漢語方言語法新探索 [New exploration on the grammar of Chinese dialects], 87–92. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press.Google Scholar
Wu, Fuxiang (吳福祥). 2009. Yufahua de xin shiye—Jiechu yinfa de yufahua 語法化的新視野——接觸引發的語法化 [A new perspective on grammaticalization: On contact-induced grammaticalization]. Dangdai Yuyanxue 當代語言學 [Contemporary Linguistics] 2009(3). 193–206.Google Scholar
Wu, Jianxin (吳建新). 1991. Mingqing Guangdong renkou liudong gaiguan 明清廣東人口流動概觀 [An overview of population mobility in Guangdong during the Ming and Qing]. Guangdong Shehui Kexue 廣東社會科學 [Social Sciences in Guangdong]. 1991(2). 38–45.Google Scholar
Wu, Qiuli (吳秋麗). 2008. Quanzhou fangyan jieci yanjiu 泉州方言介詞研究 [A study on the proposition in Quanzhou dialect]. Fuzhou: Fujian Normal University. (Master’s thesis.)
Wu, Ruiwen (吳瑞文). 2011. Mindong fangyan “jinxing/chixu” tibiaoji de laiyuan yu fazhan 閩東方言「進行/持續」體標記的來源與發展 [The origin and development of the ‘progressive/durative’ aspectual markers in the Eastern Min dialects]. Language and Linguistics 12(3). 595–626.Google Scholar
Yang, Bisheng (楊必勝) & Chen, Jianmin (陳建民). 1996. Haifenghua dongci de tai 海豐話動詞的態 [Verbal aspects in Haifeng dialect]. In Yang, Bisheng (楊必勝) & Pan, Jiayi (潘家懿) & Chen, Jianmin (陳建民) (eds.), Guangdong Haifeng fangyan yanjiu 廣東海豐方言研究 [A study of the Haifeng dialect in Guangdong], 75–99. Beijing: Language and Culture Press. (Also published in Yuyan Yanjiu 語言研究 [Studies in Language and Linguistics] 21. 115–129.)Google Scholar
Yang, Bisheng (楊必勝). 1996. Haifenghua de Yuqici 海豐話的語氣詞 [Modal particles in Haifeng dialect]. In Yang, Bisheng (楊必勝) & Pan, Jiayi (潘家懿) & Chen, Jianmin (陳建民) (eds.), Guangdong Haifeng fangyan yanjiu 廣東海豐方言研究 [A study of the Haifeng dialect in Guangdong], 118–149. Beijing: Language and Culture Press.Google Scholar
Yang, Hsiufang (楊秀芳). 1992. Cong lishi yufa de guandian lun minnanhua “zhe” ji chixumao 從歷史語法的觀點論閩南語「著」及持續貌 [ Tu and the continuous form in the Min-nan dialect]. Hanxue Yanjiu 漢學研究 [Chinese Studies] 10(1). 349–394.Google Scholar
Yang, Yonglong (楊永龍). 2005. Cong wenjinyi xingrongci dao chixuti zhuci: Shishuo ding, wending, shi, lao, wen, jin de yufahua 從穩緊義形容詞到持續體助詞：試說「定」、「穩定」、「實」、「牢」、「穩」、「緊」的語法化 [From adjectives meaning “stable” to continuous aspect markers: The grammaticalization of ding, wending, shi, lao, wen, jin in Chinese]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2005(5). 408–417.Google Scholar
Zeng, Nanyi (曾南逸) & Li, Xiaofan (李小凡). 2013. Cong Mingqing xiwen kan Quanzhou fangyan tibiaoji ləʔ5 /lə0 de yufahua 從明清戲文看泉州方言體標記「咧」的語法化 [The grammaticalization of ləʔ5 /lə0 in the Quanzhou dialect from the evidence of the Quanqiang scripts in Ming and Qing]. Zhongguo Yuwen 中國語文 [Studies of the Chinese Language] 2013(3). 205–214.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yanjie (張燕潔). 2013. Guangdong Chenghai Minyu de jinxingti he chixuti 廣東澄海閩語的進行體和持續體 [The progressive aspect and durative aspect of Chenghai Min dialects in Guangdong Province]. Guongdong Jishu Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao 廣東技術師範學院學報 [Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University] 2013(10). 99–105.Google Scholar
Zhang, Zhenxing (張振興) & Cai, Yeqing (蔡葉青). 1998. Leizhou fangyan cidian 雷州方言詞典 [Dictionary of Leizhou dialect]. Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press.Google Scholar
Zheng, Zhijun (鄭至君) & Kwok, Bit-Chee (郭必之). 2017. Yuedong Minnanyu de fenqun 粵東閩南語的分群 [Subgrouping of Southern Min dialects spoken in Eastern Guangdong]. In Editorial Committee of Yuyanxue luncong (北京大學中國語言學硏究中心《語言學論叢》編委會) (ed.), Yuyanxue luncong 語言學論叢 [Essays on linguistics], vol. 561, 120–142. Beijing: The Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Zhou, Changji (周長楫) (ed.). 2006. Minnan fangyan dacidian 閩南方言大詞典 [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects]. Fuzhou: Fujian People’s Publishing House.Google Scholar