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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 25:3 (2024) ► pp.497–534

甘青語言區域漢語副動詞附綴「是」

語義、句法和來源

| Sun Yat-sen University,
| Peking University,
副動詞作為甘青語言區域的重要特徵之一，廣泛分佈在甘青漢語中。雖然學者對它的語義、形態和句法特徵進行了描寫，以及確認此現象並非漢語內部創新，乃經由接觸而來，但對它的語法性質卻定性不準，且未描寫它在限定性、指稱轉換和預指照應等方面的特徵。本文以副動詞「是」為例，基於類型學視角，探討它的形態句法特徵，並詳細考察它的語法化過程，認為它兼有接觸引發的語法演變中「語法借用」和「語法複製」兩種類型特質。本文否定副動詞「是」的藏語拷貝說，而支持它來自阿勒泰類型語言。在區域特徵推移上，副動詞和連動結構在亞洲大陸上呈現明顯的地理互補分佈格局。
Keywords: 甘青語言區域, 甘青漢語方言, 副動詞, 限定性, 語言接觸
Article outline
  • 1.緒論
    • 1.1甘青語言區域與漢語方言
    • 1.2副動詞
      • 1.2.1定義
      • 1.2.2副動、中動和連動
    • 1.3副動詞附綴「是」研究綜述
  • 2.副動詞標記「是」及形態句法特徵
    • 2.1形式特徵
    • 2.2語義分類
    • 2.3形態句法功能
      • 2.3.1主從/主次關係
      • 2.3.2限定性
      • 2.3.3指稱轉換
      • 2.3.4預指照應
    • 2.4標記「是」的性質
  • 3.副動詞「是」與接觸語法化
    • 3.1獨立創新還是接觸語法化
      • （一）「是」來自漢語時間詞「時」
      • （二）「是」來自與藏語的接觸
      • （三）「是」來自與阿勒泰類型語言的接觸
      • （四）未指明具體來源。
    • 3.2接觸引發的語法演變
      • 3.2.1阿勒泰類型語言作為模式語的可能性
        • （一）從語音形式角度。
        • （二）從系統性角度。
        • （三）從副動詞地理分佈的角度
        • （四）從甘青漢語形成的社會學角度看
        • （五）從歷史文獻方面
      • 3.2.2接觸過程與演變機制擬測
        • （一）語法借用觀。
        • （二）語法複製觀。
  • 4.副動詞和類似結構的比較
    • 4.1副動詞與小句鏈
    • 4.2副動詞與連動結構
  • 5.區域特徵推移與副動詞和連動結構
  • 6.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 2 July 2024
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00158.sha
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