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Language and Linguistics
Vol. 25:3 (2024) ► pp.395–425

從連類複數到真性複數

揭陽閩語複數標記「伊儂」的功能與演變

| Shaanxi Normal University
| Fudan University

Daniel & Moravcsik (2005)認為連類複數標記與真性複數標記同形的原因在於：連類複數標記由真性複數標記發展而來。本文通過對揭陽閩語的分析，證明存在另一種方向的演變路徑：連類複數標記也可發展為真性複數標記。揭陽閩語中來源於第三人稱代詞複數形式「伊儂」（他們）的複數標記具有雙重標記身份，既可用作連類複數標記後附於指人專有名詞，也可用作真性複數標記後附於指人普通名詞。「伊儂」由連類複數標記演變為真性複數標記的關鍵在於：「親屬類普通名詞+複數標記」結構中的親屬稱謂具有雙重屬性，使得連類複數出現了可分析為真性複數的橋樑語境，「伊儂」的真性複數標記身份由此獲得。本文對於兩類複數之間的關係以及複數標記的歷史演變問題，均具有較為重要的類型學意義。

Keywords: 語言類型學, 揭陽閩語, 伊儂, 連類複數標記, 真性複數標記
Article outline
  • 1.引言
  • 2.真性複數與連類複數的類型學觀照
    • 2.1真性複數
    • 2.2連類複數
    • 2.3真性複數與連類複數的區別
  • 3.複數標記「伊儂」的搭配情況與語義解讀
    • 3.1「姓名類專名+伊儂」
      • 3.1.1「姓名類專名+伊儂」表連類複數
      • 3.1.2「姓名類專名+伊儂」的所指對象
    • 3.2「親屬稱謂+伊儂」
      • 3.2.1親屬稱謂的分類
      • 3.2.2「親屬稱謂+伊儂」的語義及其所指對象
    • 3.3「其他指人普名+伊儂」
    • 3.4小結
  • 4.複數標記「儂」的來源
    • 4.1複數標記「伊儂」與「儂」之比較
    • 4.2複數標記「儂」與其他功能的「儂」之關係
    • 4.3相鄰方言中的複數標記「伊儂」、「儂」
    • 4.4小結
  • 5.從連類複數標記到真性複數標記
    • 5.1演變路徑
    • 5.2演變機制與演變動因
      • 5.2.1從第三人稱複數到連類複數標記
      • 5.2.2從連類複數到真性複數
  • 6.結語
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 2 July 2024
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.00161.she
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