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Article published In:
Language and Linguistics
Vol. 18:4 (2017) ► pp.521–576

On the status of functional categories (heads and phrases)

| Università Ca’ Foscari (University of Venice)

In this article I would like to revisit one aspect of the structure of the functional sequence of the clause in light of certain recent developments, in particular Kayne’s (2016) proposal that all heads are necessarily silent. I will also discuss the possibility that (certain) silent heads may be endowed with single features that denote complex notions taking progressive aspect as a case in point.

Keywords: functional categories, functional heads, phrases, progressive aspect
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.The double role of silence
  • 3.The derivation of head-initial and head-final word orders
    • 3.1The two ideal types
      • 3.1.1The “head-initial” type
      • 3.1.2The “head-final” type
      • 3.1.3The over-arching generalization
    • 3.2Deriving the two ideal word order types (with the segregation of heads and phrases)
    • 3.2.1 The “head-initial” type
    • 3.2.2 The ideal “head-final” type
  • 4.Are there features encoding complex notions?
    • 4.1Some notes on Progressive aspect
    • 4.2The cross-linguistic expression of Progressive aspect
      • 4.2.1Locative source progressives
        • 4.2.1.1‘Locative preposition + a nominalized form of V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.2‘Stay + Vgerund’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.3‘Stand’/‘sit’/‘lie’/‘hang’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.4‘Live + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.5‘Inside/middle/midst + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.6‘Be near to + Vinfinitive’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.7‘Be present + V’ progressives
        • 4.2.1.8‘Be behind + Vinfinitive’ progressives
      • 4.2.2‘Be after/before + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.3‘During/while + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.4‘Be in the course of + Vinfinitive’ progressives
      • 4.2.5‘Be on the way’ progressives
      • 4.2.6‘Carry (on)’ progressives
      • 4.2.7‘To be occupied/engaged in/busy with’ + V’ progressives
      • 4.2.8‘Hold’ progressives
      • 4.2.9‘Be with’ progressives
      • 4.2.10‘Have’ progressives
      • 4.2.11‘Do’ progressives
      • 4.2.12‘Now’ progressives
      • 4.2.13‘Still, yet’ progressives
      • 4.2.14Progressive particles and affixes with no transparent meaning
      • 4.2.15‘Subject clitic’ progressives
      • 4.2.16‘Reduplication’ progressives
      • 4.2.17Tone marked progressives
      • 4.2.18Focus marked progressives
      • 4.2.19Word order marked progressives (possibly due to V(P) raising to a silent progressive projection)
      • 4.2.20No special morphology for the Progressive
    • 4.3A possible implication of the cross-linguistic encoding of Progressive aspect
  • 5.Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Notes
  • References
Available under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license.

For any use beyond this license, please contact the publisher at [email protected].

Published online: 10 October 2017
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https://doi.org/10.1075/lali.18.4.01cin
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