Cover not available
Article published In:
Language and Dialogue
Vol. 11:2 (2021) ► pp.200–222

A negotiation analysis of risk assessment in community correction from the perspective of exchange structure

 | Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
 | Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
Community correction, as a new form of crime punishment towards restorative justice, is being widely practiced in China. This paper, adopting an ethnographic method, explores the exchange structure of risk assessment in community correction by analyzing a dataset of 12 assessments. The study finds that the risk assessment discourse is replete with the informing exchange (formulized as K1^(K2f)) and eliciting exchange (formulized as K2^K1). It further discusses how the canonical structures are invalidated and what variant structures could address the issue. These findings suggest that judicial social workers need to raise their linguistic awareness and offenders need more effective linguistic choices in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of risk assessment.
Keywords: community correction, risk assessment discourse, SFL, negotiation, exchange structure, move analysis
Article outline
  • 1.Introduction
  • 2.Risk assessment, community correction and restorative justice
  • 3.Negotiation: The exchange structure system
  • 4.Fieldwork and data collection
  • 5.Exchange structures of risk assessment discourse
    • 5.1Two canonical exchange structures
      • 5.1.1The exchange structure of K1^(K2f)
      • 5.1.2The exchange structure of K2^K1
    • 5.2Evaluation of effectiveness of canonical exchange structures
      • 5.2.1The ineffective pattern of K1^(K2f)
      • 5.2.2Refusal to communicate in K2^K1 exchange
    • 5.3Two suggested variant exchange structures
      • 5.3.1The variant structure of K1^(K2f)
      • 5.3.2The variant structure of K2^K1
  • 6.Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 18 March 2021
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/ld.00093.yua
References (63)
References
Bazemore, Gordon and Mark Umbreit. 2001. “A Comparison of Four Restorative Conferencing Models.” Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Available at [URL]. DOI logo
Berry, Margaret. 1979. “A Note on Sinclair and Coulthard’s Classes of Acts Including a Comment on Comments.” Nottingham Linguistic Circular Nottingham 8 (1): 49–59.Google Scholar
. 1981a. “Polarity, Ellipticity and Propositional Development, their Relevance to the Well-Formedness of an Exchange (A discussion of Coulthard and Brazil’s Classes of Move).” Nottingham Linguistic Circular Nottingham 10 (1): 36–63.Google Scholar
. 1981b. “Systemic linguistics and discourse analysis: A multi-layered approach to exchange structure.” Studies in discourse analysis 11: 20–145.Google Scholar
. 2016. “Dynamism in exchange structure.” English Text Construction 9(1): 33–55. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
. 2017. “Challenging moves and supporting moves in discourse.” In Challenging boundaries in linguistics: Systemic functional perspectives ed. by Stella Neumann, Rebekah Wegener, Jennifer Fest, Paula Niemietz and Nicole Hützen, 255–280. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Bogdan, Robert C. and Sari K. Biklen. 1998. “Foundations of qualitative research in education.” Qualitative Research in Education: An Introduction to Theory and Methods: 1–48.Google Scholar
Cheng, Yang-Mei. 2014. “An Empirical Analysis of the Problems and Strategies of Cites in Western China – A Case Study of Deyang.” Journal of Panzhihua University 31(4): 10–14.Google Scholar
Cheng, Ying-Xu. 2006. “New Remark on the Conception and Character of Community Correction.” Journal of Zhenzhou University 41: 36–40.Google Scholar
Dan, Wei-Li. 2008. “Reconsideration and Reconstruction of the Concept of Community Correction.” Wuhan University of Technology (Social Science Edition) 11: 57–64.Google Scholar
. 2011. “A Comparative Analysis of “Beijing Model” and “Shanghai Model” in Community Correction.” Journal of Chinese People’s Public Security University Social Sciences Edition 27 (4): 151–156.Google Scholar
. 2017. “On the Deficiency of Community Correction Officer as Law Enforcement Agency.” Journal of Capital Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) 21: 52–57.Google Scholar
. 2018. “Problems of Community Correction Legislation.” Journal of Capital Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) 21: 58–64.Google Scholar
Dan, Wei-Li and Xian-Cu Su. 2018. “Institutional Origin and Reality: An Analysis of the Existing Resistance of Rural Community Correction.” Journal of People’s Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition) 34(6): 13–19.Google Scholar
Di, Xiao-Hua. 2007. “A Study on the Evaluation of Community Correction.” Journal of Political Science and Law 61: 5–9.Google Scholar
. 2020. “Research on Legal Risks and Solutions of Judicial Application of Intelligent Recidivism Risk Assessment.” Academics 51: 69–81.Google Scholar
Dickson-Gilmore, Jane E. and Carol La Prairie. 2005. Will the circle be unbroken?: Aboriginal communities, restorative justice and the challenges of conflict and change. University of Toronto Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Eglash, Albert. 1958. “Creative restitution: some suggestions for prison rehabilitation programs.” American Journal of Correction 20(6): 20–34.Google Scholar
Fei, Mei-Ping. 2009. “Research on Young Offenders in Community Correction from the Perspectives of Social Interaction Theory.” Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency 31: 4–8.Google Scholar
. 2004. “An Empirical Study of Taking Case Work Method in Community correction.” Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition) 21: 35–40.Google Scholar
. 2014. “Relation between Sub-district Government and Social Organizations in Government-purchased Social Work Programs.” Journal of Social Sciences 61: 74–83.Google Scholar
Feng, Wei-Guo and Chao Wang. 2014. “Analysis of the Factors of Risk Assessment of Community Correction in China and Foreign Countries.” Law Science Magazine 35(7): 55–61.Google Scholar
Fetterman, David M. 2019. Ethnography: Step-by-step. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: Sage.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. and Christian Matthiessen. 2004. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
He, Ming-Sheng. 2012. “Vacancy and Complement of Concept On Justice Social Work.” Legal Forum 27(2): 138–145.Google Scholar
Hong, Pei and Mei-Ping Fei. 2018. “The Construction Mechanism of the Identity of the Community Serving Prisoners in the Local Social Work Practice.” China Youth Study 41: 108–113.Google Scholar
Jiang, Shan-He, De-Ping Xiang, Qi Chen, Wendi Goodlin-Fahncke, Cheng-Xiang Huang, Shen-Yong Yang, Da-Wei Zhang, and Anna Zhao. 2015. “Public Support of Community Corrections in China.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 59(7): 772–789. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jiang, Shan-He, De-Ping Xiang, Qi Chen, Cheng-Xiang Huang, Shen-Yong Yang, Da-Wei Zhang, and Anna Zhao. 2014. “Community Corrections in China: Development and Challenges.” Prison Journal 94(1): 75–96. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jin, Bi-Hua. 2009. “Analyses and Reflections on the Risk Assessment Mechanism in Community Correction.” Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition) 25(2): 128–133.Google Scholar
Kang, Jiao and Zhi-Feng Dong. 2019. “The Relation Structure of Social Work in Community Correction.” Gansu Social Sciences 51: 179–186.Google Scholar
Kang, Shu-Hua. 2003. “History, Current Research and Theoretical Value of Community Correction.” Law Science Magazine 51: 21–23.Google Scholar
Li, Chuan. 2015. “Restoration,Correction and Branch Control: The Dialectic of the Triplicity of Community Correction Function.” China Legal Science 51: 158–176.Google Scholar
Li, En-Shen. 2017. “The Rhetoric and Practice of Community Corrections in China.” Asian Journal of Criminology 12(2): 143–162. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Li, Ying-Sheng. 2014. “Exploring Effective Approaches to Social Work Intervention in Social Governance Innovation.” Social Work and Management 14(3): 23–28.Google Scholar
Liu, Qiang. 2019. “Discussion of the Legal Terminology of ‘Community Correction’.” Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law (The Rule of Law Forum) 34(4): 135–144.Google Scholar
Lu, Hong. 2019. “Rural Community Correction Model and Its Innovation:Based on the Investigation and Analysis of 15 Rural Judicial Offices.” Journal of North Minzu University (Philosophy and Social Science) 11: 144–150.Google Scholar
Luo, Xiao-Yi and Chao Wang. 2016. “Research on Recidivism Risk Assessment Based on Data Mining Technology.” Journal of Shandong Police College 28(6): 87–94.Google Scholar
Luo, Xing and Chuan-You Yuan. 2019. “An Analysis of Preliminary Assessment Discourse of Community Correction: From the Perspective of Genre Structure and Exchange Structure.” Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 30(2): 39–47.Google Scholar
Martin, James R. 1992. English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Martin, James R. and David Rose. 2007. Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. Beijing: Beijing University Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Gabrielle and Allison Morris. 2002. “The role of shame, guilt, and remorse in restorative justice processes for young people.” Restorative justice: Theoretical foundations: 267–284.Google Scholar
McElrea, Frances W. M. 1993. “A new model of justice.” The youth court in New Zealand: A new model of justice: 1–14.Google Scholar
Muntigl, Peter. 2009. “Knowledge moves in conversational exchanges.” Functions of Language 16(2): 225–263. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Qu, Xue-Wu. 2013. “Design and Thoughts on the Community Correction System in China.” Criminal Science 101: 16–22.Google Scholar
Sinclair, John McHardy and Malcolm Coulthard. 1975. Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The English used by teachers and pupils. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Su, Cai-Xia and Yan-Ming Shao. 2009. “The Problems and Countermeasures on the Program of Community Correction in China – Empirical Investigation of the Pilot Program of community correction in Wuhan.” Journal of Jinan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 31(6): 100–107.Google Scholar
Van Ness, Daniel W. and Karen Heetderks Strong. 2014. Restoring Justice: An Introduction to Restorative Justice. New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ventola, Eija. 1987. The Structure of Social Interaction: A Systemic Approach to the Semiotics of Service Encounters. London: Pinter.Google Scholar
. 1988. “The logical relations in exchanges.” In Functional Perspectives on Discourse: Selected Papers from the 12th International Systemic Workshop, ed. by Benson, J. D. and Greaves, W. S., 51–72. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.Google Scholar
Wang, Li-Na. 2008. “Practice and Thoughts on Community Correction in Shanghai.” Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) 31: 37–38.Google Scholar
Wang, Shun-An. 2004. “Legal Issues of Community Correction.” Tribune of Political Science and Law 31: 103–110.Google Scholar
Xiong, Gui-Bin. 2020. “Analysis of Social Work,Management Model and Effective Prevention of Recidivism – Case Study on Community Correction in Ten Provinces and Cities.” Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 47(2): 86–94.Google Scholar
Zappavigna, Michele and James R. Martin. 2018. Discourse and Diversionary Justice: An Analysis of Youth Justice Conferencing. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zehr, Howard. 1990. Changing Lenses. Vol. 1141. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Chuan-Wei. 2009. “Comparative Analysis and Choice of the Formation of Community Correction Between Beijing and Shanghai.” Social Sciences of Beijing 11: 55–61.Google Scholar
Zhang, Da-Wei, Darrell D. Irwin, Shan-He Jiang, Hao-Yue Zhang, and Shu-Ning Huang. 2019. “Staffing Composition, Offender Profiles, and Supervision in China’s Community Corrections.” Prison Journal 99(3): 285–309. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Jing. 2013. “Analysis of the Features and Problems of Beijing Model of Community Correction.” Journal of People’s Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition) 29(3): 8–16.Google Scholar
Zhang, Li-Fen, Cai Wen, and Qing-Song Zhang. 2012. “Social work and Community Correction.” Gansu Social Sciences 11: 157–160.Google Scholar
Zhang, Shao-Yan. 2014. “Study on Practical Problems of Community Correction and its Direction of Development.” Journal of Political Science and Law 11: 65–73.Google Scholar
Zheng, Jie. 2019a. “An individuation study of multimodal discourse construction of the identities in the investigation and assessment prior to community correction.” Journal of Xi’an International Studies University 27(2): 37–42.Google Scholar
. 2019b. “A Study of Psycho-correction Discourse in Community Correction under Restorative Justice from the Perspective of Individuation.” PhD dissertation. Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.Google Scholar
Zheng, Jie and Chuan-You Yuan. 2018. “Multimodal Discourse Construction of the Defendant’s Identity in Community Correction Pre-trial Social Investigation and Evaluation.” Journal of Political Science and Law 35(4): 62–69.Google Scholar
. 2021. “Discursive Construction of Identities of Judicial Social Workers in Community Correction.” Modern Foreign Languages 44(2): 183–195.Google Scholar
Cited by (1)

Cited by one other publication

Chuanyou, Yuan, Xu Youping & Lu Nan
2024. Forensic Linguistics in China, DOI logo

This list is based on CrossRef data as of 5 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers. Any errors therein should be reported to them.