This paper discusses about twenty approaches to the study of dialogue or interaction. The literature shows different foci in and understandings of these phenomena. There is a basic distinction between dialogue – in the sense of overt exchanges of sequentialised utterances or contributions by two or more participants who are co-present in particular situated encounters – and dialogicality, which is taken to be a more general capacity that enables individuals or constellations of individuals to make sense in and through interactions with others, artefacts and environments. There are also “interactivity” approaches that appear to broaden the scope to encompass more of non-linguistic and often material aspects of human sense-making.
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