Victor Junnan Pan | The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institut Universitaire de France, CNRS
Wh-words in Chinese are ambiguous in specific contexts. In actual conversational situations, when speakers put different combinations of stress with intonation on sentences, the relevant wh-words are no longer ambiguous. The encoded prosodic forms can be analyzed as phonological features in the feature bundles associated with a given lexical item in the Lexical Array. Since these prosodic features have semantic effects on the output of the computational system at the Conceptual-Intentional interface, they satisfy Legibility conditions and therefore, they do not violate the Inclusiveness condition. Prosodic marking is only activated as a last resort in cases where semantic ambiguity arises, which can be viewed as a system repairing strategy at interfaces in the sense of Reinhart (2006).
Article outline
1.Introduction
1.1Historical review of the problem
1.2Main proposals
2.Prosodic licensing of wh-in-situ in Chinese
2.1General consideration
2.2Underspecified wh-words
2.3Licensing contexts
2.3.1Unambiguous licensing contexts
2.3.2Ambiguous licensing contexts
2.3.2.1Prosodic licensing of wh-in-situ
2.3.2.2∃ and Q readings
2.4Arguments from wh-topicalization
3.Theoretical consequences
3.1The cases that the prosodic licensing does not look into
3.2Last-resort status and interpretative redundancy
3.3How is my analysis compatible with the previous ones?
Aoun, Joseph and Y.-H. Audrey Li. 1993. Wh-Elements in Situ: Syntax or LF?Linguistic Inquiry 24, 199–238.
Baker, Carl L.1970. Notes on the description of English questions: the role of an abstract question morpheme. Foundations of Language 6, 197–219.
Cheng, Lisa L.-S.1991. On the Typology of WH-Questions. Ph.D.diss., MIT.
Cheng, Lisa L.-S. and Johan Rooryck. 2000. Licensing wh-in-situ. Syntax 31, 1–19.
Chomsky, Noam. 1977. On Wh-movement. In P. Culicover, T. Wasow & A. Akmajian (eds.), Formal Syntax, 71–132. New York: Academic Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquiries: the framework. In R. Martin, D. Michaels & J. Uriagereka (eds.), Step by step, 89–155. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2001. Derivation by phase. In M. Kenstowicz (eds.), Ken Hale: a Life in Language, 1–52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2004. Beyond explanatory adequacy. In A. Belletti (eds.), Structures and Beyond, 104–131. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2008. On phases. In R. Freidin, C. Otero & M.-L. Zubizarreta (eds.), Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Feng, Shengli(冯胜利). 2000. Prosodic-Syntax in Chinese [汉语韵律句法学]. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Press [上海教育出版社].
Heim, Irene. 1982. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases. Ph.D.diss., University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Higginbotham, James & Robert May. 1981. Questions, Quantifiers and Crossing. The Linguistic Review 1, 41–80.
Hu, Jianhua. 2002. Prominence and Locality in Grammar: The Syntax and Semantics of Wh Questions and Reflexives. Ph.D.diss., City University of Hong Kong.
Hu, Jianhua& Haihua Pan(胡建华 潘海华). 2003. Referential property, discrete property and set: a study on questions in islands [指称性、离散性与集合:孤岛中的疑问句研究]. Studies and Exploration in Grammar [语法研究和探索], Vol. 12. Beijing: Commercial Press [商务印书馆], 309–316.
Huang, C.-T. James. 1982. Logical relations in Chinese and the theory of grammar. Ph.D.diss., MIT.
Huang, C.-T. James. 1999. Chinese passives in comparative perspective. Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, New Series 29(4), 423–509.
Ishihara, Shinichiro. 2005. Prosody-Scope Match and Mismatch in Tokyo Japanese Wh-questions. English Linguistics 22, 347–379.
King, Brian. 1986. Ne – a discourse analysis. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 21, 21–46.
Krein, Kristi. 2007. Prosodic Licensing of French WH-in-situ: An Agree-base Approach, in University of Washington Working Papers in Linguistics (UWWPL) 36, 1–9.
Li, Boya. 2006. Chinese Final Particles and the Syntax of the Periphery. Ph.D.diss., Leiden University.
Lin, Jo-Wang. 1996. Polarity Licensing and Wh-phrase Quantification in Chinese. Ph.D.diss., University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
Pan, Haihua(潘海华). 2006. Focus, Tripartite Structures and the Semantic Interpretation of Dou [焦点、三分结构与汉语”都”的语义解释]. Studies and Exploration in Grammar [语法研究和探索], Vol. 13, 163–184 (reprinted in 2011, 471–488). Beijing: Commercial Press [商务印书馆].
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2011a. Interrogatives et quantification en chinois mandarin : une approche générative (Interrogatives and Quantification Theory in Mandarin Chinese: A Generative Approach). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2011b. ATB-topicalization in Mandarin Chinese: an Intersective Operator Analysis. Linguistic Analysis 37, 231–272.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2014. Wh-ex-situ in Chinese: Mapping Between Information Structure and Split CP. Linguistic Analysis 39, 371–413.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2015a. Mandarin Peripheral Construals at Syntax-Discourse Interface. The Linguistic Review 32, 819–868.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2015b. Syntactic and Prosodic Marking of Contrastiveness in Spoken Chinese. In M. M. J. Fernandez-Vest & R. D. Van Valin Jr (eds.), Information Structure and Spoken Language from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective, 191–210. De Gruyter.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2015c. Prosodic Licensing of Wh-in-situ in Mandarin Chinese. In Tao, Hongyin and al. (eds.), Proceedings of The 27th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, 305–321. University of California, Los Angeles.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2016a. Resumptivity in Mandarin Chinese: A Minimalist Account. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs (TiLSM), Vol. 298. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2016b. Resumptivity and Two Types of A’-dependencies in Minimalist Program. International Journal of Chinese Linguistics (IJChL) 3, 46–79.
Pan, Victor Junnan. 2019. Architecture of The Periphery in Chinese: Cartography and Minimalism. London/New York: Routledge.
Pan, Victor Junnan & Waltraud Paul. 2016. Why Chinese SFPs are neither optional nor disjunctors. Lingua 170, 23–34.
Paris, Marie-Claude. 1981. Problèmes de syntaxe et de sémantique en linguistique chinoise. Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises.
Paul, Waltraud & Victor Junnan Pan. 2017. What you see is what you get: Chinese sentence-final particles as head-final complementisers. In J. Bayer & V. Struckmeier (eds.), Discourse Particles – Formal Approaches to their Syntax and Semantics, 49–77. De Gruyter.
Pesetsky, David. 1987. Wh-in-situ: movement and unselective binding. In Eric J. Reuland, Alice G. B. ter Meulen (eds.), The Presentation of (In)definiteness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Reinhart, Tanya. 1997. Quantifier scope: how labor is divided between QR and choice functions. Linguistics and Philosophy 20, 335–397.
Reinhart, Tanya. 1998. Wh-in-situ in the framework of the Minimalist Program. Natural Language and Semantics 6, 29–56.
Reinhart, Tanya. 2006. Interface Strategies: Optimal and Costly Computations. MIT Press.
Sichel-Bazin, Rafèu, Carolin Buthke and Trudel Meisenburg. 2012. Does information structure influence prosody in Occitan and French wh-questions?Talk given at ‘Information Structure in Non-Assertive Speech Acts’, Workshop at the 34th Annual Meeting of the German Linguistic Society (DGfS)
, Frankfurt, Germany.
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan. 1994. On Economizing the Theory of A’-Dependencies. Ph.D.diss., MIT.
Tsai, Wei-Tien Dylan & Yang Yang. 2017. An Experimental Study of the Prosodic Syntax of Force Shift.
Paper presented in the4th International Conference on Chinese Prosodic Grammar (ICCPG4), Henan University, China.
Wu, Guo. 2005. The discourse function of the Chinese particle ne in statements. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 40, 47–82.
Wu, Jian-Xin. 1999. Syntax and semantics of quantification in Chinese, Ph.D. diss., University of Maryland.
Zhang, Hongming. 2017. Syntax-Phonology Interface: Argumentation from Tone Sandhi in Chinese Dialects. London: Routledge.
Zhang, Lei(张蕾), Li, Bao-lun(李宝伦) & Pan, Haihua(潘海华). 2012. The Semantic Requirement of Dou: a Study of Its Rightward Association. [“都”的语义要求和特征–从它的右向关联谈起]. Studies in Language and Linguistics [语言研究], Vol. 32, 63–71.
Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa. 1998. Prosody, focus, and word order. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cited by (4)
Cited by four other publications
AN, DUK-HO
2024. Clause types, intonation and stranded embedded clauses. Journal of Linguistics 60:1 ► pp. 51 ff.
Choi, Jiyoung, Huy-Linh Dao, Victor Junnan Pan & Sumikazu Nishio
2022. Interfaces morphosyntaxe-sémantique-prosodie : étude des mots interrogatifs en chinois, coréen, japonais et vietnamien. Éla. Études de linguistique appliquée N° 204:4 ► pp. 451 ff.
Wang, Changsong & Mingming Zheng
2020. A Morphosyntactic Analysis of Patient-Subject Constructions in Chinese. Studies in Chinese Linguistics 41:1 ► pp. 33 ff.
This list is based on CrossRef data as of 27 july 2024. Please note that it may not be complete. Sources presented here have been supplied by the respective publishers.
Any errors therein should be reported to them.