John Halle | Bard Conservatory of Music, Anondale on Hudson, NY, USA
A strophic song is in general a sequence of repetitions of the same tune, one repetition for each stanza. Strophic songs in French have the following properties: when two stanzas have the same tune, they have the same number of lines, and for any i, the i-th line in one stanza has the same number of syllables as the i-th line in the other, and it also has the same distribution of melismas. These properties follow from a more general requirement on textsettings that we call Positional Parallelism. Whereas violations of Positional Parallelism are rather infrequent in traditional French songs, they are quite common in English songs. We propose to relate this difference between French and English songs with another difference in textsetting practice. English matches stress and musical beat anywhere in a line. French enforces the stress/beat match in a rigid manner only at the end of lines, which is presumably a reflection of the fact that in French, stress is easily perceptible only before major breaks.
2016. Generative Metrics: An Overview. Language and Linguistics Compass 10:9 ► pp. 413 ff.
Fabb, Nigel
2017. Linguistics and Literature. In The Handbook of Linguistics, ► pp. 463 ff.
Franich, Kathryn H. & Ange B. Lendja Ngnemzué
2021. Feeling the Beat in an African Tone Language: Rhythmic Mapping Between Language and Music. Frontiers in Communication 6
Katz, Jonah
2022. Metre, grouping, and event hierarchies in music: A tutorial for linguists. Language and Linguistics Compass 16:9
Kiparsky, Paul
2020. Metered Verse. Annual Review of Linguistics 6:1 ► pp. 25 ff.
Konoshenko, Maria & Olga Kuznetsova
2015. Songs in African Tonal Languages: Contrasting the Tonal System and the Melody. In Language, Music, and Computing [Communications in Computer and Information Science, 561], ► pp. 166 ff.
MAHDAVI MAZDEH, MOHSEN
2023. Metrical strength in Persian poetic metres. Journal of Linguistics 59:4 ► pp. 795 ff.
McPherson, Laura
2019. Musical adaptation as phonological evidence: Case studies from textsetting, rhyme, and musical surrogates. Language and Linguistics Compass 13:12
Morey, Stephen
2010. Syntactic Variation in Different Styles of Tai Phake Songs. Australian Journal of Linguistics 30:1 ► pp. 53 ff.
2010. Text-setting Constraints: A Comparative Perspective. Australian Journal of Linguistics 30:1 ► pp. 19 ff.
Skansgaard, Michael
2019. How Not to Introduce Blues Prosody:. Poetics Today 40:4 ► pp. 645 ff.
Zhang, Xi
2024. Tones shape notes: The realization of lexical tones in Chaozhou songs. Psychology of Music
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