Vol. 21:2 (2021) ► pp.298–322
Paraphrase and parallel treebank for the comparison of French and Chinese syntax
This paper proposes to study the contrastive syntax of French and Chinese through the lens of syntactic mismatches, and by making use of parallel treebanks. A syntactic mismatch is the non-similarity between the syntactic structures of one linguistic unit and its translation. Syntactic mismatches are formalized using the notion of paraphrase from the Meaning-Text Theory, which allows for capturing mismatches at different levels of the linguistic description (e.g. Semantic, Deep-Syntactic, and Surface-Syntactic). In this paper, we report in details on the types of paraphrases found in the seed corpus used, demonstrating that the Deep-Syntactic paraphrases constitute the best starting point for our study. Then, we show how, starting from the seed corpus, we semi-automatically constructed a multi-layer parallel treebank with the alignment and annotation of paraphrases.
Article outline
- 1.Introduction
- 2.Background and theoretical framework
- 2.1Contrastive syntax and syntactic mismatches
- 2.2The formalization of syntactic mismatches
- 2.3The Meaning-Text Theory
- 2.3.1Representation levels
- 2.3.2Actancial relations in the Meaning-Text Model
- 2.3.3The modules of the MTM
- 3.French-Chinese paraphrases in a literary corpus
- 3.1Definition of a paraphrase
- 3.2Semantic paraphrase
- 3.2.1Semantic-Propositional paraphrase
- a.Expansion/reduction
- b.Addition/substraction
- 3.2.2Semantic-Communicative paraphrase
- 3.2.1Semantic-Propositional paraphrase
- 3.3Deep-Syntactic paraphrase
- 3.3.1Synonymy: L ≡ Syn(L)
- 3.3.2Antonymy: L ≡ Anti(L) + NOT
- 3.3.3Conversion: L ≡ Convijkl(L)
- 3.3.4Derivation: L ≡ Der(L)
- 3.4Surface-Syntactic paraphrase
- 3.4.1Different realization of a DSyntA
- 3.4.2Pronominalization
- 4.French-Chinese multi-layer parallel treebank construction
- 4.1Automatic annotation of surface and deep syntactic layers
- 4.2Deep-Syntactic paraphrases annotation
- 5.Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Notes
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References