Refusal can be a difficult speech act to perform. As a disprefered response, it is complicated in form and it usually involves various strategies to avoid offending one’s interlocutor. For second language learners with linguistic limitations, performing refusals successfully may require a higher level of pragmatic competence than other target language speech acts. Thus there is a need for pragmatic instruction in order to help learners interpret and realise this speech act successfully. Based on previous research on the speech act of refusal and studies in instructional pragmatics, this chapter proposes a teaching approach that includes both awareness raising and production activities. The instructional strategies involve learners in translation, data collection, data analysis, reflection, and role-play activities.
2020. Explicit and implicit instruction of refusal strategies: Does working memory capacity play a role?. Language Teaching Research 24:2 ► pp. 163 ff.
2023. Speech acts and interaction in second language pragmatics: A position paper. Language Teaching► pp. 1 ff.
House, Juliane & Dániel Z. Kádár
2023. An interactional approach to speech acts for applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review 0:0
Izadi, Ahmad & Farzaneh Zilaie
2015. Refusal strategies in Persian. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 25:2 ► pp. 246 ff.
MAZEPOVA, O.
2022. The speech acts of "offer" and "refusal" in the communicative behavior of Persian native speakers. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Oriental Languages and Literatures :28 ► pp. 17 ff.
Ren, Wei
2015. Sociopragmatic Variation in Mainland and Taiwan Chinese Refusals. In Researching Sociopragmatic Variability, ► pp. 72 ff.
2021. THE GENDER-BASED DIFFERENCE IN THE USE OF SPEECH ACTS OF REFUSAL: A STUDY OF THE KHOWAR LANGUAGE. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9:3 ► pp. 1514 ff.
Schauer, Gila A.
2019. Literature Review. In Teaching and Learning English in the Primary School [English Language Education, 18], ► pp. 7 ff.
2018. Metapragmatic instruction (6Rs) versus input-based practice: a comparison of their effects on pragmatic accuracy and speed in the recognition and oral production of English refusals. The Language Learning Journal 46:4 ► pp. 514 ff.
Usó Juan, Esther & Alicia Martínez Flor
2022. Using audiovisual material to teach refusals from a discursive perspective: a research-based proposal. Complutense Journal of English Studies 30 ► pp. 53 ff.
Verzella, Massimo & Laura Tommaso
2020. THE PRAGMATICS OF REFUSING A REQUEST IN ITALIAN AND AMERICAN ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Discourse and Interaction 13:1 ► pp. 92 ff.
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