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Part of
Complexity Theory and Language Development: In celebration of Diane Larsen-Freeman
Edited by Lourdes Ortega and ZhaoHong Han
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 48] 2017
► pp. 97–122

Chapter 5
The emerging need for methods appropriate to study dynamic systems

Individual differences in motivational dynamics

| Cape Breton University
| Cape Breton University
| Cape Breton University
| University of East London

There is a pressing need to develop methodology to study complex dynamic systems. In this chapter we review 12 specific methods that offer solutions to the methodological challenges presented by a dynamic approach. Specific methods include several qualitative interview designs, longitudinal cluster analysis, Q-methodology, the trajectory equifinality model, the idiodynamic method, latent growth modelling, and change point analysis. The collection of methods provides an overview of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches that have been applied to the study of complex dynamic systems. Each reviewed procedure has been applied to the study of motivation for language learning and demonstrates how to take account of multiple timescales, initial conditions, and dynamic stability among other issues. Even as methods are being refined, novel research findings are emerging. The lasting impact of Complexity Theory on the field of second language development depends on closing the present gap between metaphorical and/or theoretical development and specific research methods.

Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Lessons for SLA from psychology
  • CDST in SLA, applied motivation
  • Specific methods for the CDST study of individual differences in motivation
    • Longitudinal qualitative interview design
    • Retrodictive qualitative modelling
    • Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)
    • Two-stage qualitative interview design
    • Qualitative interview design gathering data on multiple timescales
    • Longitudinal cluster analysis
    • Triangulation
    • Q methodology
    • Trajectory equifinality model
    • Idiodynamics
    • Latent growth curve modelling
    • Change point analysis
  • Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 1 November 2017
DOI logo
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.48.06mac
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