Chapter published in:
Critical Reflections on Data in Second Language Acquisition
Edited by Aarnes Gudmestad and Amanda Edmonds
[Language Learning & Language Teaching 51] 2018
► pp. 33–62

Chapter 2
Data collection in the research on the effectiveness of corrective feedback

A synthetic and critical review

| Florida State University | Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
This chapter seeks to provide a comprehensive and in-depth synthesis of the methods of data collection used in studies investigating the effectiveness of corrective feedback (CF). A total of 34 studies published between 2006 and 2017 in five top journals in second language acquisition were selected for the review. The methods of data collection reported in the studies were coded in terms of CF treatment, CF elicitation task, and the measurement of CF effects. CF treatment was further coded as CF operationalization, the context of CF treatment, pre-treatment instruction, and CF amount. CF elicitation task is discussed with regard to task type and task validation. Task type concerns whether communicative tasks or mechanical drills were used to elicit the target structure, and task validation pertains to whether and how the primary researchers provided evidence for task complexity and for the contexts of obligatory use of the target structure. The measurement of CF effects is examined in terms of whether treatment effects are measured via tests of explicit or implicit knowledge and whether treatment effects are operationalized as mastery of the target structure, use of a more advanced variant of a structure (staged development), automatization of existing knowledge, or learners’ overall task performance indexed by the complexity, accuracy, and fluency of their speech production. For each coded methodological feature, current practices are reported, limitations and challenges are identified, and solutions are recommended.
Keywords: corrective feedback, corrective feedback treatment, data elicitation tasks, task validation, measurement of treatment effects
Article outline
  • Introduction
  • Background
    • Theories of CF
    • CF research
    • The current review
  • Method
  • Findings
    • CF Treatment
      • Operationalization of CF
      • The setting of CF treatment
      • Pre-treatment instruction
      • The amount of CF
    • CF elicitation tasks
      • Task type
      • Task validation
    • Measurement of CF effects
      • Measures of implicit and explicit knowledge
      • Ways of operationalizing learning
  • Conclusion
  • References
Published online: 10 September 2018
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.51.03li
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