Index
A
- abilitative
83, 87, 94, 196
- accusative
53–55, 63, 227–229, 239–240
- addition of vowel
216–217
- adjective
47, 70, 72–74, 83, 121, 136–138, 157, 170, 175, 178–180, 184–185, 187, 191–192, 202, 204, 206, 208–210, 212–213, 216–218, 221–222, 243, 295–296, 310
- adjective reduplication
213, 216, 218
- adverb
68, 83, 97, 135–136, 138, 208, 214, 217, 219, 222, 295
- adverb reduplication
214, 217, 219
- adversative coordination294
- adversative coordinator152
- agent
53, 95, 144, 206, 234, 324
- agreement
47, 56, 96, 107–108, 113–114, 116, 119, 121, 124, 138, 142, 156, 158, 180, 200, 227–232, 236, 238–239, 241, 247, 249, 253, 271, 285–288, 291–293, 296, 345
- agreement pattern
227, 229, 285
- alveo-palatal
6, 17, 20–24
- antecedent
63, 267, 291, 323–325, 327–328, 330–331, 333
- appositive
258, 265, 270–271
- appositive correlative
270–271
- argument
196–197, 247–248, 348
- aspect
83, 88, 101, 103, 106, 109, 114–115, 121–122, 124–125, 130, 134, 136, 147, 190, 228–230, 232, 235, 244, 247, 274–275, 281, 308, 346
- aspectual
7, 83, 88–89, 93, 101, 106, 124, 126, 134, 139, 188, 253
- aspirated
6, 9, 18–24, 26, 32, 36, 212
- assimilation
16, 30–31, 33–34, 347
- attributive
70, 73, 80, 102, 126–127, 202, 263
- auxiliary
83, 88, 103, 109, 111, 114, 117–118, 121, 235, 237–238, 250, 253, 271, 274, 279, 281, 308, 310
B
- borrowed words
11, 14, 193
C
- case
6, 9, 23–24, 47, 49, 53–66, 69–70, 97–98, 109, 129, 135–138, 142–146, 149, 211, 217, 227–231, 234–241, 247, 250, 257, 265, 285–286, 294–295, 301, 308–310, 314, 324, 328, 331–333, 345, 347
- case marker
53, 55, 66, 138, 146, 149
- causative verb
196–197, 247
- cluster
11, 15, 24–25, 30, 34, 36, 39
- cluster simplification
24, 30, 39
- comparative
3, 9, 74, 295, 345
- complement
257–258, 260–264, 281, 346
- complement clause
257, 260–262
- completion
88, 97, 125, 266
- compound
9, 30, 47, 83, 88–89, 135–136, 149, 151, 193, 199–202, 204–210, 228, 251, 253, 276, 283
- compound modal sentences253
- compound noun
47, 149, 202, 204, 207–208
- compound verb
83, 88, 253
- conditional
127, 132–133, 274, 277–278
- conjoining
199, 204, 210, 285, 288
- conjunction
151, 257, 278
- conjunctive coordinator
151, 283
- consonant
10–11, 16–17, 24, 26–28, 31, 37–39, 48–49, 56, 72, 128, 217, 219
- constituent coordination
285, 292–293
- constituent interrogatives
295, 301
- control
234–236, 238, 324
- copula
7, 83, 243–246, 281, 310
- coordinating conjunctions151
- correlative
6, 47, 60, 65–66, 81, 235, 257, 265–271, 273, 275–277, 279–280
- correlative clause
257, 265–266, 268–269
- correlative pronoun
65, 265, 271
D
- dative case
53, 55, 65–66, 230, 240, 247
- dative subject
236–238, 258, 324
- declarative sentence
247, 300
- declinable
143, 146, 148, 150, 173
- deletion
7, 35–39, 249, 264, 269, 290
- demonstrative pronouns
60, 65, 323
- desiderative
91, 93–96, 124–125, 127, 129–131, 133, 228, 231–234, 247, 251, 253–254, 263–264, 280–281, 308, 312
- determining adjectives
81, 243
- dialect
1, 3–5, 9, 16, 23, 58, 80, 109, 163, 346–347
- direct object
227–230, 232, 234, 237–240, 243, 250, 272, 302, 324–325
- distal deictic pronouns
61–62
- distribution
15–22, 68, 89, 170, 229, 323, 326, 338
- ditransitive verbs
85, 240, 247
E
- emphatic particles
154, 309
- ergative case
129, 228–229, 231, 234, 240
- ergative subject
129, 232, 234–235, 253, 272
- ergative-absolute system54
- experiencer
53, 86, 345, 348
F
- feminine
6, 14, 47–50, 52, 56–58, 61–63, 65, 70, 72, 78, 122, 169–170, 223, 228, 285–286
- finite verb
101, 125, 127, 134, 136, 264, 281, 308, 320
- free morpheme
211, 216–219, 225
- future
7, 101, 103, 106–108, 112, 114, 118, 121, 123–124, 134, 140, 229, 277, 281, 308
G
- Gawdi
1, 4–5, 9, 14, 17, 23, 26–27, 29–33, 35, 50, 56, 60–62, 65, 67, 97–99, 109, 136, 140–142, 165, 172, 175, 204, 206, 212–213, 346
- gemination
10, 16, 26, 35–36, 62, 119
- gender
6, 9, 16, 47–48, 50, 53, 55–56, 58–60, 62, 65–66, 68–70, 79–81, 103, 121, 127, 129, 132, 143, 146, 150, 159, 184, 187–188, 190–192, 227–228, 244, 247, 265, 267, 271, 277, 285–286, 293, 296, 323, 331, 338
- grammar
1, 8–10, 55, 101, 106, 129, 144, 167, 234, 243, 295, 345–348
H
- honorific
61–62, 159, 331–332
- hortative
127, 129, 251, 281, 308, 311
I
- imperative
42, 109, 127–129, 251–252, 281, 288, 291, 300, 308, 310–312
- imperfective aspect
103, 109, 114, 134, 235
- imperfective-perfective marker
6, 112, 119, 189
- indeclinable
142–144, 148–150, 154
- indefinite pronouns
60, 68–69, 314
- Indirect object
47, 229, 243, 302, 325
- Indo-Aryan
1, 3, 7, 10, 136, 147, 154, 193, 301, 347
- Inflection
50, 60, 72, 79, 110–111, 115, 295
- Insertion
35, 37–39, 145, 217
- intensifiers
135, 157, 221–222
- Interjection
45, 158, 207, 216
- Internal vowel change
86, 197
- Interrogative particle297
- interrogative pronouns
60, 66–68, 267, 295, 323
- intervocalic
23, 26, 30, 35–36, 38
- Intonation
13, 40–41, 43–45, 297, 300, 309, 320
- Intransitive verbs
84, 196–198, 228–229, 231–233, 247, 253, 258, 307
L
- length
10, 13–14, 29, 43–44, 81, 174
- logophoric pronouns
262, 334
M
- masculine
6, 14, 47–50, 52–53, 57–58, 61–63, 65, 70, 78, 103, 122, 248, 285–286, 307
- mood
7, 9, 37, 101, 103, 125, 127–129, 131–132, 134, 187, 247, 251, 307, 346
- morphology
3–4, 7, 27, 69, 240, 348
- multiple-headed relative
268–269
- mutual reciprocals
63, 330
- mutual reciprocity
329–330
N
- nasal
7, 11, 16–17, 21, 23, 36–38, 55, 64, 212
- nasalization
6, 16–17, 130
- negation
162, 307–311, 313–317, 320, 327, 347
- negative
45, 244–245, 252, 275, 294–297, 300, 307–317, 319–320, 327
- negative particle
295, 312
- negative polarity items (NIP)
307, 317
- neuter
6, 16, 47–50, 52–53, 57, 61–62, 65, 78, 173, 228, 248, 267, 285–287, 331
- neutral agreement
230–232
- nominative case
53–56, 63, 129, 234, 241
- nominative subject
107, 113, 115–116, 119, 121, 124, 129, 227, 229, 233–235, 247, 253
- noun
6, 47–50, 53–56, 65, 70, 72–73, 79, 83, 97, 102, 124, 136–138, 143, 146–147, 149–150, 156, 161–162, 164–168, 170, 174, 185, 190–191, 200, 202, 204–210, 216–217, 223–224, 227–228, 236–239, 243, 258, 260, 264–268, 271, 277, 285, 289–290, 296, 310
- noun phrase
47, 143, 147, 237–238, 243, 258, 260, 264, 268, 290
- number
1, 3–4, 6, 8–9, 11, 14, 22, 27, 39, 47, 50, 52–53, 55–56, 59–60, 62, 65–66, 69–70, 75, 77, 79, 81, 93, 103, 106, 108–109, 121, 127, 129, 132, 135, 143, 146, 150, 159, 174, 184, 188, 190–192, 194, 196, 204, 220, 227–228, 244, 247, 261, 265, 267, 271, 277, 283, 286, 293, 296, 304, 307, 323, 338
- numerals
24, 30, 77–78, 80, 192
O
- object
6, 47, 51, 53–54, 56, 107–108, 113–116, 121, 168, 205–206, 227–232, 234–235, 237–241, 243, 250, 258–259, 262–264, 272, 302, 323–325, 330
- obligative
231–234, 247, 251, 254, 313
- oblique case
47, 53, 55–58
P
- palatal
3, 6, 9, 17, 20–24, 212
- paradigm
55, 115, 117, 119, 129, 307–308
- participles
88, 235, 257, 265, 271, 274–276, 280
- particle
147, 155–157, 234, 252, 263, 279, 295, 297, 299, 312, 316–317
- parts of speech
9, 135, 193
- past progressive
112, 134
- past tense
7, 103, 125, 277, 310
- past time
101, 106, 115, 125
- perfective aspect
106, 115, 125, 130, 134, 228–230, 232, 235
- permissive
37, 95, 125, 127, 131, 251, 253, 281
- person
6, 16, 39–40, 60–62, 65–66, 69, 82, 87, 103, 106, 109, 121–122, 126–131, 165, 172, 175, 183, 189, 202, 206–207, 225, 227–228, 231–232, 244, 247, 249, 251–252, 262, 271, 275, 293, 307, 311–313, 323, 325, 331–332, 334, 338
- personal pronouns
59–60, 236, 323, 331–334
- phonological reduplication
38, 211
- phrasal verbs
7, 83, 97, 185–187, 193, 246, 318
- pitch
29, 35, 40–41, 43–44
- polarity
40, 295, 300, 307, 317
- Portuguese
3–4, 6, 9–10, 12, 15, 25–26, 29, 74, 97–98, 140, 161, 173, 185, 193, 274
- possessive
54–56, 60–61, 63, 144, 146–147, 191, 259, 264, 291, 324–325, 332, 342
- possibility
43, 150, 178, 313
- postposition
54, 56, 68, 70, 137–138, 142–144, 146–147, 149–150, 201, 204–205, 207, 232, 234, 237, 246–248, 342
- pragmatic
135, 243, 329, 333
- predicate
243–244, 258, 310
- predicative complements
72, 75
- prefixation
161–162, 164, 175–179, 193
- present perfect
6, 115, 117
- present progressive
111, 278
- present tense
83, 101, 108–109, 245, 277, 281, 310
- presupposition
251, 297, 300
- productive process
161, 193, 198, 219
- prospective
7, 106, 118, 121–124, 126–127, 134, 187, 189, 271, 281, 308, 338
- psychological predicates
86, 236
Q
- quantifiers
68, 75, 80–81, 307, 314–316, 326–327, 333
- quasi-aspectuals
88, 91, 93, 109, 125, 131
- quasi-modals
88, 93, 131, 134, 254
R
- reciprocals
59, 63, 323, 329–330
- reduplicand
34–35, 38, 211–214, 216–217, 219–220
- reduplication
38, 161, 211–214, 216–221
- reduplicator
34–35, 38, 211, 213–214, 216–220
- reflexive pronouns
59–60, 62–63
- relatives
59, 72, 265, 267–268, 271, 348
- restrictive relative clause270
- retroflex
9–10, 17–19, 21–23, 31, 212
- rising intonation
40, 297, 300, 320
S
- scope
303, 305, 307–310, 313–315, 317, 319, 327
- script
6, 10–12, 28, 345–346
- second perfective
119–121, 134, 146, 189, 228, 271, 281, 308
- second person pronouns
60–61, 232, 271, 332, 334
- semantic reduplication
211, 220–221
- sentence coordination
283–284, 292
- simplification
24, 30, 39
- small clause
257, 263, 324
- standard Konkani
3, 5–6, 14, 16–17, 26, 32, 35, 56, 78, 122
- standard variety
1, 6, 53
- stem
50, 52–53, 55–56, 101, 103, 109, 127, 142, 167–168, 180–182, 223, 252, 346
- stop
16, 18–19, 24–25, 33, 36, 38, 86, 92, 123, 126, 132, 212, 342
- subject
6, 11, 47, 53–54, 56, 86–87, 96, 106–107, 109, 113, 115–116, 119, 121, 124, 129, 227–229, 231–239, 241, 243–244, 246–247, 249–251, 253–254, 258–259, 262–264, 272, 274, 281, 290–291, 293, 302, 323–327, 330, 334, 338, 348
- subjunctive
129–130, 231–234, 247, 254, 312
- subordinating conjunctions
133, 151–152
- suffix
53, 55–56, 70, 80, 86, 129, 131, 168–174, 180, 185, 192, 196, 210, 212, 230, 239–240, 247–248, 341
- syllable
14–16, 27, 29–31, 35, 39, 43–44, 60, 180–181, 199
- syntax
4, 9–10, 309, 345–348
T
- tense
7, 9, 83, 101, 103, 106–109, 114, 118, 125, 134, 232, 244–245, 247, 253–254, 277, 281, 307–308, 310, 346
- theme
86, 96, 227, 236–239, 249, 258, 263
- transitive verb
54, 84, 109, 113, 115, 121, 129, 228, 239
U
- universal quantifiers
80, 315
- unmarked
6, 53, 55–56, 93, 96, 113, 115, 121, 138, 227–228, 230–231, 238–240, 243–244, 285, 324
V
- variant
15, 23, 35, 55–56, 58, 61, 63, 75
- verb reduplication
213, 216, 218
- verbs of communication
259, 262
- vocabulary
8, 161, 253, 348
- voiced
18–23, 33–34, 37, 199
- voiceless
10, 18–21, 33–34, 199
Z
- zero marker
53, 56, 227, 281
- zero nominative marking227